Incluir Present Tense Conjugation in Spanish
The present tense of incluir — “to include” in English — is the form you need for what happens now, for habits and for general truths. This page gives you the full present conjugation table for incluir with all six persons, explains exactly how the tense is formed for this verb, shows when to use it with real examples, and finishes with a quiz so you can test yourself. Incluir means to include, and it is the verb for lists, prices, groups and documents: what is inside something, or who is part of it. It appears constantly in instructions, invitations, bills and school texts, usually with en for where something is included, or with the thing included as its direct object. To see it in a real sentence: Incluyo el precio en la lista. — “I include the price in the list.”
Present tense conjugation table: incluir
Every person of incluir in the present tense. The gerund is incluyendo and the past participle is incluido.
| Person | Form |
|---|---|
| yo | incluyo |
| tú | incluyes |
| él/ella/Ud. | incluye |
| nosotros/as | incluimos |
| vosotros/as | incluís |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | incluyen |
The gerund is incluyendo, which you use with estar to say what is happening right now: “Estoy incluyendo” means the action of incluir is in progress at this very moment. The past participle is incluido, which you use with haber in the perfect tenses: “he incluido” is the present perfect, used for a completed action. Keep both forms in mind as you read the examples below, because the present is only one part of how incluir is used.
How the present of incluir is formed
The present of incluir is built from the stem inclu plus the present endings for -ir verbs. Take the infinitive, drop the -ir ending, and add the ending that matches the person. The table below shows the endings, and the full table above shows them attached to the stem.
| Person | Ending | Form |
|---|---|---|
| yo | -o | incluyo |
| tú | -es | incluyes |
| él/ella/Ud. | -e | incluye |
| nosotros/as | -imos | incluimos |
| vosotros/as | -ís | incluís |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | -en | incluyen |
incluir is not fully regular in form: this verb is a -uir verb: the stem vowel i becomes y before a vowel ending, so the present is incluyo and incluye, and the gerund is incluyendo. The endings in the table above are the regular -ir endings, so once you know the pattern, the whole tense follows. The forms that show the pattern most clearly are incluyo and incluye.
The gerund of incluir is incluyendo and the past participle is incluido. Both are the forms you need for the progressive and the perfect tenses with haber.
When to use the present of incluir
The present is not a single-purpose tense. Below are the five situations where you will use incluir in the present most often. Each one comes with a real example, so read the rule, then say the example out loud.
1. A routine or habit
The present tense of incluir is the tense for what happens regularly. When something is part of your routine, your week or your normal life, the present is the right choice, and incluir is no exception. The time words that go with it are todos los días, cada semana, siempre and a menudo.
Example: “Incluyo el precio en la lista.” — I include the price in the list.
2. A general fact
The present tense also states facts that are true in general, not just today. When you describe what incluir means in the world — what it does, who it affects, how it works — the present is the tense to use. There is no time limit on the statement, so no past or future form is needed.
Example: “Incluye a María en el grupo.” — He/she includes María in the group.
3. Something happening right now
The present tense describes what is happening at this very moment. You do not need the progressive (estar plus the gerund) to say what is going on now: the simple present does the job in Spanish, and it is the more common choice in everyday speech.
Example: “Incluyo una foto en el informe.” — I include a photo in the report.
4. A plan or arrangement
Spanish uses the present tense for plans that are already fixed, especially with a time expression such as mañana or el lunes. When the arrangement is made, the present tense states it as a fact, and incluir follows the same rule as every other verb.
Example: “Mañana, nosotros incluimos los impuestos en el total.” — Tomorrow, we include the taxes in the total.
5. Asking and answering questions
Questions in the present tense ask about routines, facts and what is happening now. The answer uses the same tense, so a question and its answer stay in the present together. This is the pattern you will hear most often in conversation.
Example: “¿Incluyes a María en el grupo?” — Do you include María in the group?
The present vs the preterite: how to choose
The closest tense to the present is the preterite, and choosing between them is one of the first decisions in Spanish. The rule is simple: the present reports what happens now, what happens regularly, or what is generally true, while the preterite reports one finished action in the past. The three pairs below use the same verb, so the only thing that changes is whether the action is happening now or is already finished. Time words help: ahora and todos los días point to the present, while ayer and anoche point to the preterite.
Present: “Incluyo el precio en la lista.” — I include the price in the list.
Preterite: “Incluí el precio en la lista.” — I included the price in the list.
The present sentence describes what happens now or regularly; the preterite sentence reports one finished action in the past. That difference — now versus finished — is the whole decision.
Present: “Incluye a María en el grupo.” — He/she includes María in the group.
Preterite: “Incluyó a María en el grupo.” — He/she included María in the group.
The present sentence describes what happens now or regularly; the preterite sentence reports one finished action in the past. That difference — now versus finished — is the whole decision.
Present: “Incluimos una foto en el informe.” — We include a photo in the report.
Preterite: “Incluimos una foto en el informe.” — We included a photo in the report.
The present sentence describes what happens now or regularly; the preterite sentence reports one finished action in the past. That difference — now versus finished — is the whole decision.
Example sentences: incluir in the present
Read these eight sentences out loud. They cover all six persons, so by the end you will have seen every form in the table used in a real sentence. Pay attention to the words around the verb — the time expressions, the objects, the other verbs — because those are what make each sentence sound natural.
“Incluyo el precio en la lista.” — I include the price in the list.
“Incluyes a María en el grupo.” — You include María in the group.
“Incluye una foto en el informe.” — He/she includes a photo in the report.
“Incluimos los impuestos en el total.” — We include the taxes in the total.
“Incluís el precio en la lista.” — You include the price in the list.
“Incluyen a María en el grupo.” — They include María in the group.
“Incluyo una foto en el informe.” — I include a photo in the report.
“Incluye los impuestos en el total.” — He/she includes the taxes in the total.
Common mistakes with incluir in the present
These are the errors learners actually make with this verb in this tense. Each one shows the wrong version, the right version, and why the correction matters.
Wrong: “Yo incluye el precio en la lista.” Right: “Yo incluyo el precio en la lista.” Why: Yo needs the yo form incluyo. The form incluye belongs with él, ella or Ud.
Wrong: “Yo incluo a María en el grupo.” Right: “Yo incluyo a María en el grupo.” Why: Incluir is a -uir verb: the stem vowel i becomes y before a vowel ending, so the present is incluyo and incluye, and the gerund is incluyendo, so the first-person present is incluyo, not incluo.
Wrong: “Ayer yo incluyo a María en el grupo.” Right: “Ayer yo incluí a María en el grupo.” Why: The present tense cannot describe a finished action yesterday. Ayer forces the preterite, so the form must change to incluí.
Wrong: “Ellos incluye a María en el grupo.” Right: “Ellos incluyen a María en el grupo.” Why: Ellos needs the ellos form incluyen. The singular incluye belongs with él, ella or a singular noun.
Quiz: incluir in the present
Choose the correct answer for each question, then check the answer key. Every answer is explained, so a wrong answer still teaches you something.
1. Complete the sentence: “Yo ___ el precio en la lista.”
- (a) incluyo
- (b) incluyes
- (c) incluye
Answer: incluyo — The yo form of incluir in the present is incluyo.
2. Complete the sentence: “Tú ___ a María en el grupo.”
- (a) incluyo
- (b) incluye
- (c) incluyes
Answer: incluyes — The tú form of incluir in the present is incluyes.
3. Complete the sentence: “Él/ella ___ una foto en el informe.”
- (a) incluyes
- (b) incluye
- (c) incluyo
Answer: incluye — The él/ella form of incluir in the present is incluye.
4. Complete the sentence: “Nosotros/as ___ los impuestos en el total.”
- (a) incluimos
- (b) incluyo
- (c) incluyes
Answer: incluimos — The nosotros/as form of incluir in the present is incluimos.
5. Complete the sentence: “Vosotros/as ___ el precio en la lista.”
- (a) incluyo
- (b) incluyes
- (c) incluís
Answer: incluís — The vosotros/as form of incluir in the present is incluís.
6. Complete the sentence: “Ellos/ellas ___ a María en el grupo.”
- (a) incluyes
- (b) incluyen
- (c) incluyo
Answer: incluyen — The ellos/ellas form of incluir in the present is incluyen.
7. What does incluir mean in English?
- (a) to include
- (b) to exclude, its opposite
- (c) to be about
Answer: to include — Incluir means to include.
8. Which sentence is in the present?
- (a) Incluí el precio en la lista.
- (b) Incluiré el precio en la lista.
- (c) Incluyo el precio en la lista.
Answer: Incluyo el precio en la lista. — “Incluyo el precio en la lista.” is in the present. The other two use different tenses.
Frequently asked questions
Is incluir regular in the present?
Incluir is a spelling-change verb in the present: it is a -uir verb: the stem vowel i becomes y before a vowel ending, so the present is incluyo and incluye, and the gerund is incluyendo. The endings are the regular -ir endings, so the table above follows the pattern exactly.
What is the gerund and the past participle of incluir?
The gerund is incluyendo, used with estar for the progressive: estoy incluyendo. The past participle is incluido, used with haber in the perfect tenses: he incluido.
What should I watch out for with incluir?
Incluir is a -uir verb: the i becomes y before a vowel ending, so yo incluyo, not yo incluo. In the present, the form to fix in your memory first is incluyo, because the yo form shows the stem pattern for the whole tense.
How do I practise incluir in the present?
Say the six forms in the table out loud with the examples above, then use the incluir examples and quiz page for more sentences, and the Spanish Verb Quiz to test the forms under pressure.
Related pages
- Full conjugation of incluir — every tense of incluir in one place.
- Incluir examples and quiz — more sentences with incluir and a ten-question quiz.
- Spanish present guide — how the present works for all Spanish verbs.
- Spanish verbs — the hub for every Spanish verb on VerbFlow.
- Present tense conjugator — conjugate any verb in the present instantly.
- Verb quiz — test yourself on incluir and other verbs.