Incurrir Conjugation in Spanish
The Spanish verb incurrir means to incur, and it is a verb you will use again and again once you know it. Incurrir means to incur, and it is the formal verb for falling into a cost, an error or a penalty: incurrir en gastos, incurrir en un error. It takes en. It is a regular -ir verb, common in law, finance and formal writing. Like every Spanish verb, incurrir changes its ending for each person and tense, and this page gives you the complete picture: every tense, every person, the gerund and the past participle, all from the verified conjugation tables. For example, in the present tense you say incurro en gastos grandes, and in the preterite you say incurrí en una multa por aparcar. Work through the tables below, read the notes for each tense, and then test yourself with the examples, the common mistakes and the quiz at the end of the page.
Quick facts
- Infinitive: incurrir
- English: to incur
- Verb type: regular -ir verb
- Ending: -ir
- Gerund: incurriendo
- Past participle: incurrido
- Auxiliary verb: haber (all perfect tenses are formed with haber + incurrido)
Pronunciation is not listed on this page: the verified tables do not include IPA for incurrir, so no pronunciation is given rather than an invented one. Incurrir takes en: incurro en gastos. It is fully regular: incurrí, incurría, incurriré.
Full conjugation tables
Every form below comes from the verified conjugation tables for incurrir. The imperfect subjunctive is shown in its -ra forms; the -se forms use the same stem. For reflexive verbs, the pronoun column shows the reflexive pronoun that goes before each form.
Present indicative
| Person | Form |
|---|---|
| yo | incurro |
| tú | incurres |
| él/ella/Ud. | incurre |
| nosotros/as | incurrimos |
| vosotros/as | incurrís |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | incurren |
Preterite
| Person | Form |
|---|---|
| yo | incurrí |
| tú | incurriste |
| él/ella/Ud. | incurrió |
| nosotros/as | incurrimos |
| vosotros/as | incurristeis |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | incurrieron |
Imperfect
| Person | Form |
|---|---|
| yo | incurría |
| tú | incurrías |
| él/ella/Ud. | incurría |
| nosotros/as | incurríamos |
| vosotros/as | incurríais |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | incurrían |
Future
| Person | Form |
|---|---|
| yo | incurriré |
| tú | incurrirás |
| él/ella/Ud. | incurrirá |
| nosotros/as | incurriremos |
| vosotros/as | incurriréis |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | incurrirán |
Conditional
| Person | Form |
|---|---|
| yo | incurriría |
| tú | incurrirías |
| él/ella/Ud. | incurriría |
| nosotros/as | incurriríamos |
| vosotros/as | incurriríais |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | incurrirían |
Present perfect
| Person | Form |
|---|---|
| yo | he incurrido |
| tú | has incurrido |
| él/ella/Ud. | ha incurrido |
| nosotros/as | hemos incurrido |
| vosotros/as | habéis incurrido |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | han incurrido |
Pluperfect
| Person | Form |
|---|---|
| yo | había incurrido |
| tú | habías incurrido |
| él/ella/Ud. | había incurrido |
| nosotros/as | habíamos incurrido |
| vosotros/as | habíais incurrido |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | habían incurrido |
Future perfect
| Person | Form |
|---|---|
| yo | habré incurrido |
| tú | habrás incurrido |
| él/ella/Ud. | habrá incurrido |
| nosotros/as | habremos incurrido |
| vosotros/as | habréis incurrido |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | habrán incurrido |
Conditional perfect
| Person | Form |
|---|---|
| yo | habría incurrido |
| tú | habrías incurrido |
| él/ella/Ud. | habría incurrido |
| nosotros/as | habríamos incurrido |
| vosotros/as | habríais incurrido |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | habrían incurrido |
Present subjunctive
| Person | Form |
|---|---|
| yo | incurra |
| tú | incurras |
| él/ella/Ud. | incurra |
| nosotros/as | incurramos |
| vosotros/as | incurráis |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | incurran |
Imperfect subjunctive (-ra)
| Person | Form |
|---|---|
| yo | incurriera |
| tú | incurrieras |
| él/ella/Ud. | incurriera |
| nosotros/as | incurriéramos |
| vosotros/as | incurrierais |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | incurrieran |
Imperative (affirmative)
| Person | Form |
|---|---|
| tú | incurre |
| él/ella/Ud. | incurra |
| nosotros/as | incurramos |
| vosotros/as | incurrid |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | incurran |
Imperative (negative)
| Person | Form |
|---|---|
| tú | incurras |
| él/ella/Ud. | incurra |
| nosotros/as | incurramos |
| vosotros/as | incurráis |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | incurran |
Gerund and past participle
| Form | Spanish | Use |
|---|---|---|
| Gerund | incurriendo | with estar for the progressive: estoy incurriendo |
| Past participle | incurrido | with haber for the perfect tenses: he incurrido |
How to use each tense
Present indicative
Use the present for routines, general facts and what is happening right now. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For incurrir, the present looks like this in a real sentence: Incurro en gastos grandes. Learn the present forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.
Preterite
Use the preterite for finished actions with a clear end, often with ayer, el año pasado or anoche. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For incurrir, the preterite looks like this in a real sentence: Ayer, incurrí en un error grave. Learn the preterite forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.
Imperfect
Use the imperfect for background, habits and actions in progress in the past, often with de niño, antes or mientras. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For incurrir, the imperfect looks like this in a real sentence: De niño, incurría en una multa por aparcar. Learn the imperfect forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.
Future
Use the future for plans, predictions and promises, often with mañana, el año que viene or pronto. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For incurrir, the future looks like this in a real sentence: Mañana, incurriré en costes de reparación. Learn the future forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.
Conditional
Use the conditional for polite requests, hypotheticals and what would happen, often with si clauses. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For incurrir, the conditional looks like this in a real sentence: Incurriría en gastos grandes si pudiera. Learn the conditional forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.
Present perfect
Use the present perfect for recent actions and experiences, often with hoy, esta semana or ya. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For incurrir, the present perfect looks like this in a real sentence: Hoy, he incurrido en un error grave. Learn the present perfect forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.
Pluperfect
Use the pluperfect when one past action happened before another past action. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For incurrir, the pluperfect looks like this in a real sentence: Había incurrido en una multa por aparcar antes de salir. Learn the pluperfect forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.
Future perfect
Use the future perfect for something that will already be finished by a future time. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For incurrir, the future perfect looks like this in a real sentence: Para mañana, habré incurrido en costes de reparación. Learn the future perfect forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.
Conditional perfect
Use the conditional perfect for what would have happened under different conditions. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For incurrir, the conditional perfect looks like this in a real sentence: Habría incurrido en gastos grandes con más tiempo. Learn the conditional perfect forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.
Present subjunctive
Use the present subjunctive after expressions of wish, doubt, emotion and hope, such as espero que or quiero que. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For incurrir, the present subjunctive looks like this in a real sentence: Espero que él incurra en un error grave. Learn the present subjunctive forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.
Imperfect subjunctive (-ra)
Use the imperfect subjunctive after past wishes and in si clauses about the past, and note the -ra forms shown here; the -se forms use the same stem. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For incurrir, the imperfect subjunctive looks like this in a real sentence: Si él incurriera en una multa por aparcar, todo cambiaría. Learn the imperfect subjunctive forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.
Imperative (affirmative)
Use the affirmative imperative for direct commands, instructions and invitations. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For incurrir, the affirmative imperative looks like this in a real sentence: ¡Incurre en costes de reparación! Learn the affirmative imperative forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.
Imperative (negative)
Use the negative imperative, always with no, to tell someone not to do something. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For incurrir, the negative imperative looks like this in a real sentence: No incurras en gastos grandes. Learn the negative imperative forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.
Example sentences
Ten natural sentences with incurrir, covering different tenses and persons. Each one uses a form from the tables above.
- Incurro en gastos grandes. — I incur big expenses.
- Incurre en un error grave. — He/she incurs a serious mistake.
- Ayer, incurrí en una multa por aparcar. — Yesterday, I incurred a parking fine.
- Antes, nosotros incurríamos en costes de reparación. — Before, we used to incur repair costs.
- Mañana, tú incurrirás en gastos grandes. — Tomorrow, you will incur big expenses.
- Yo incurriría en un error grave si tuviera más tiempo. — I would incur a serious mistake if I had more time.
- Él ha incurrido en una multa por aparcar. — He has incurred a parking fine.
- Espero que él incurra en costes de reparación. — I hope he incurs repair costs.
- Yo ya había incurrido en gastos grandes antes de salir. — I had already incurred big expenses before leaving.
- Ellos incurrían en un error grave cuando eran jóvenes. — They used to incur a serious mistake when they were young.
Common mistakes
- Wrong: Yo incurre en gastos grandes. — Right: Yo incurro en gastos grandes. — The person matters: incurre is the él/ella/Ud. form, while the yo form is incurro. Using the third-person form with yo is one of the most common beginner errors.
- Wrong: Ayer yo incurro en un error grave. — Right: Ayer yo incurrí en un error grave. — The present and the preterite are different tenses: incurro is happening now, while incurrí is a finished action in the past. Use the preterite with ayer.
- Wrong: Treating incurrir and cometer as identical in every context. — Right: Incurrir means to incur, while cometer means to commit. — They overlap, but each has uses the other does not: incurrir fits sentences such as Incurro en gastos grandes, while cometer belongs in a different sentence. Check the meaning you want before choosing.
- Wrong: Yo soy incurrido en un error grave. — Right: Yo he incurrido en un error grave. — Spanish perfect tenses use haber, not ser: he incurrido, has incurrido, ha incurrido. Ser plus the participle makes a passive, not a perfect tense.
- Wrong: De niño, yo incurrí en una multa por aparcar todos los días. — Right: De niño, yo incurría en una multa por aparcar todos los días. — For a repeated habit in the past, use the imperfect (incurría), not the preterite. The preterite (incurrí) is for one finished action.
Quiz: test yourself
Ten questions on incurrir. Choose the right form, then check the answer key below.
Complete the sentence: Yo ___ en gastos grandes. (present tense) A. incurro B. incurres C. incurre D. incurrimos
Complete the sentence: Ayer, él ___ en un error grave. (preterite) A. incurrí B. incurriste C. incurrimos D. incurrió
Complete the sentence: Antes, nosotros ___ en una multa por aparcar. (imperfect) A. incurrías B. incurro C. incurríamos D. incurría
Complete the sentence: Mañana, tú ___ en costes de reparación. (future) A. incurriremos B. incurrirás C. incurriré D. incurrirá
Complete the sentence: Yo ___ en gastos grandes si pudiera. (conditional) A. incurriría B. incurrirías C. incurriríamos D. incurro
Complete the sentence: Espero que él ___ en un error grave. (present subjunctive) A. incurras B. incurramos C. incurro D. incurra
Complete the sentence: Si yo ___ en una multa por aparcar, todo cambiaría. (imperfect subjunctive, -ra form) A. incurriéramos B. incurro C. incurriera D. incurrieras
Complete the sentence: Nosotros ___ en costes de reparación. (present perfect) A. ha incurrido B. hemos incurrido C. he incurrido D. has incurrido
Complete the command: ¡___ en gastos grandes! (affirmative imperative, tú) A. incurre B. incurra C. incurramos D. incurrid
Which is the gerund of incurrir, used with estar for the progressive? A. incurrido B. incurro C. incurrí D. incurriendo
Answer key
- incurro — The yo present tense of incurrir is incurro.
- incurrió — The él/ella/Ud. preterite of incurrir is incurrió.
- incurríamos — The nosotros/as imperfect of incurrir is incurríamos.
- incurrirás — The tú future of incurrir is incurrirás.
- incurriría — The yo conditional of incurrir is incurriría.
- incurra — The él/ella/Ud. present subjunctive of incurrir is incurra.
- incurriera — The yo imperfect subjunctive, -ra form of incurrir is incurriera.
- hemos incurrido — The nosotros/as present perfect of incurrir is hemos incurrido.
- incurre — The affirmative tú imperative of incurrir is incurre.
- incurriendo — The gerund of incurrir is incurriendo: estoy incurriendo. The participle incurrido is used with haber instead.
Frequently asked questions
What does incurrir mean in English?
Incurrir means to incur. It is used in everyday situations such as Incurro en gastos grandes. The exact English wording depends on the context, but the core meaning stays the same across the tenses.
Is incurrir regular or irregular?
Incurrir is a fully regular -ir verb, so every tense follows the standard endings for its class. Once you know the regular pattern, you can produce every form on this page, including incurro in the present and incurrí in the preterite.
What is the difference between incurrir and cometer?
Incurrir means to incur, while cometer means to commit. They are easy to confuse because they appear in similar situations, but they are not interchangeable: use incurrir when you mean to incur, as in Incurro en gastos grandes, and use cometer for to commit. When in doubt, check the object of the sentence — it usually shows which verb fits.
How do I say “I incur” in the past?
It depends on the kind of past. For one finished action, use the preterite: yo incurrí en un error grave. For a repeated habit or background in the past, use the imperfect: yo incurría en una multa por aparcar. For something that has just happened, use the present perfect: yo he incurrido en un error grave.
How do I practise incurrir?
Start with the present tense table, then drill the preterite and the imperfect, since those two past tenses cause the most mistakes. Try the incurrir examples and quiz page for more sentences, and use the Spanish Verb Quiz to test the forms under pressure.
Related links
- Incurrir in the present tense — the full present-tense table for incurrir.
- Incurrir examples and quiz — more example sentences and practice for incurrir.
- Spanish verbs — the Spanish hub, with every verb and tense guide.
- Imprimir conjugation — another -ir verb to compare with incurrir.
- Inducir conjugation — another -ir verb to compare with incurrir.
- Impartir conjugation — another -ir verb to compare with incurrir.
- Spanish Verb Conjugator — conjugate any Spanish verb in every tense.
- Spanish Verb Quiz — test yourself on real conjugated forms.