Introduction

resumir means “to summarise”. It belongs to the group of Spanish verbs that express “to summarise”, and once you can conjugate it you can say a surprising amount with a single verb. This page is the complete reference for resumir: every tense, every person, the gerund and the past participle, with notes on usage, real example sentences, common mistakes, a quiz and frequently asked questions. resumir is a regular -ir verb. If it is irregular in a tense, the note under that table says so plainly, and the forms in the table are the correct ones — copy them, do not guess them from the infinitive. A first example to fix the verb in your mind: “Yo resumo el texto todos los días.” — “I summarise the text.”

Quick facts
Infinitive resumir
English to summarise
Verb type Regular -ir verb
Gerund resumiendo
Past participle resumido
Auxiliary verb haber

Full conjugation tables

Gerund: resumiendo · Past participle: resumido

Present Indicative

Person Form
yo resumo
tú resumes
él/ella/Ud. resume
nosotros/as resumimos
vosotros/as resumís
ellos/ellas/Uds. resumen

The present tense describes habits, facts and what is happening now. For resumir, the yo form is resumo, as in “Yo resumo el texto.” — “I summarise the text.”

Preterite

Person Form
yo resumí
tú resumiste
él/ella/Ud. resumió
nosotros/as resumimos
vosotros/as resumisteis
ellos/ellas/Uds. resumieron

The preterite describes completed actions in the past — things that started and finished. For resumir, the yo form is resumí, as in “Yo resumí el texto.” — “I summarised the text.”

Imperfect

Person Form
yo resumía
tú resumías
él/ella/Ud. resumía
nosotros/as resumíamos
vosotros/as resumíais
ellos/ellas/Uds. resumían

The imperfect describes the past as background: habits, descriptions and actions in progress. For resumir, the yo form is resumía, as in “Yo resumía el texto.” — “I used to summarise the text.”

Future

Person Form
yo resumiré
tú resumirás
él/ella/Ud. resumirá
nosotros/as resumiremos
vosotros/as resumiréis
ellos/ellas/Uds. resumirán

The future tense states what will happen. It is also used for predictions and promises. For resumir, the yo form is resumiré, as in “Yo resumiré el texto.” — “I will summarise the text.”

Conditional

Person Form
yo resumiría
tú resumirías
él/ella/Ud. resumiría
nosotros/as resumiríamos
vosotros/as resumiríais
ellos/ellas/Uds. resumirían

The conditional expresses what would happen: wishes, polite requests and hypothetical results. For resumir, the yo form is resumiría, as in “Yo resumiría el texto.” — “I would summarise the text.”

Present Perfect

Person Form
yo he resumido
tú has resumido
él/ella/Ud. ha resumido
nosotros/as hemos resumido
vosotros/as habéis resumido
ellos/ellas/Uds. han resumido

The present perfect connects the past with the present: something that has happened, often today or recently. For resumir, the yo form is he resumido, as in “Yo he resumido el texto.” — “I have summarised the text.”

Pluperfect

Person Form
yo había resumido
tú habías resumido
él/ella/Ud. había resumido
nosotros/as habíamos resumido
vosotros/as habíais resumido
ellos/ellas/Uds. habían resumido

The pluperfect describes an event that happened before another past event. For resumir, the yo form is había resumido, as in “Yo había resumido el texto.” — “I had summarised the text.”

Future Perfect

Person Form
yo habré resumido
tú habrás resumido
él/ella/Ud. habrá resumido
nosotros/as habremos resumido
vosotros/as habréis resumido
ellos/ellas/Uds. habrán resumido

The future perfect describes something that will already be finished by a future moment. For resumir, the yo form is habré resumido, as in “Yo habré resumido el texto.” — “I will have summarised the text.”

Conditional Perfect

Person Form
yo habría resumido
tú habrías resumido
él/ella/Ud. habría resumido
nosotros/as habríamos resumido
vosotros/as habríais resumido
ellos/ellas/Uds. habrían resumido

The conditional perfect describes what would have happened under different conditions. For resumir, the yo form is habría resumido, as in “Yo habría resumido el texto.” — “I would have summarised the text.”

Present Subjunctive

Person Form
yo resuma
tú resumas
él/ella/Ud. resuma
nosotros/as resumamos
vosotros/as resumáis
ellos/ellas/Uds. resuman

The present subjunctive is used after expressions of wish, doubt, emotion and influence. For resumir, the yo form is resuma, as in “Espero que yo resuma el texto.” — “I hope that I summarise the text.”

Imperfect Subjunctive (-ra)

Person Form
yo resumiera
tú resumieras
él/ella/Ud. resumiera
nosotros/as resumiéramos
vosotros/as resumierais
ellos/ellas/Uds. resumieran

The imperfect subjunctive is used in the past versions of subjunctive clauses, and after "si" in hypothetical sentences. For resumir, the yo form is resumiera, as in “Si yo resumiera el texto, ...” — “If I summarised the text, ...”

The -se variant of this tense follows the same pattern with -se instead of -ra: resumiera becomes resumiese, and the same change applies to every person. Both variants mean the same thing; -ra is more common in everyday speech.

Imperative (affirmative)

Person Form
tú resume
Ud. resuma
nosotros/as resumamos
vosotros/as resumid
Uds. resuman

Imperative (negative)

Person Form
tú resumas
Ud. resuma
nosotros/as resumamos
vosotros/as resumáis
Uds. resuman

The imperative is for orders, requests and advice. The affirmative tú form is resume, as in “¡Resume el texto” — “Summarise the text” For the negative imperative, Spanish uses the subjunctive forms: no resumas. Note that the affirmative and negative forms differ, so check the table above before you give an order with resumir.

Example sentences

Here are ten sentences with resumir, covering different tenses and persons. Read each one out loud, then read the translation, and notice how the verb form changes while the meaning stays the same.

  1. “Yo resumo el texto cada día.” — “I summarise the text.”
  2. “Él resume el texto todos los días.” — “He summarises the text.”
  3. “Yo resumí el texto ayer.” — “I summarised the text.”
  4. “Él resumió el texto ayer.” — “He summarised the text.”
  5. “Yo resumía el texto cuando era joven.” — “I used to summarise the text.”
  6. “Nosotros resumiremos el texto mañana.” — “We will summarise the text.”
  7. “Si pudiera, yo resumiría el texto.” — “If I could, i would summarise the text.”
  8. “Yo he resumido el texto hoy.” — “I have summarised the text.”
  9. “Espero que yo resuma el texto.” — “I hope that I summarise the text.”
  10. “estoy resumiendo el texto ahora mismo.” — “I am summarising the text.”

Common mistakes

Forgetting the accent in the preterite

The yo preterite form is resumí, with an accent on the stressed vowel. Writing it without the accent — resumi — is a spelling error, and in speech the stress lands in the wrong place. Preterite yo forms that end in a vowel carry that accent, so check it every time you write the preterite of resumir.

Mixing up present and preterite nosotros

For resumir, the nosotros form is the same in the present and the preterite: resumimos. Only the context tells you which tense is meant, so pay attention to the time words around it — cada día points to the present, ayer points to the preterite. Do not invent a different form for one of the tenses.

Using ser instead of haber in perfect tenses

Spanish perfect tenses always use haber, never ser: yo he resumido el texto. English speakers sometimes reach for soy because English uses to be in some passives, but soy resumido is not the present perfect of resumir — it is a passive construction with a different meaning.

Confusing resumir with resultar

resumir and resultar look similar, and learners mix them up. They are different verbs with different meanings, so check which one the sentence needs before you conjugate. If you can substitute the English meaning of resumir — summarise — the sentence needs resumir; if it needs the meaning of resultar, use that verb instead.

Using the indicative after "espero que"

After espero que (I hope that), Spanish needs the subjunctive: Espero que yo resuma el texto. Using the indicative — Espero que yo resumo — is one of the most frequent learner errors with resumir. Whenever the main clause expresses a wish, doubt or emotion, switch to the subjunctive.

Quiz

Test yourself on the forms above. Choose the best answer, then check the key below.

1. What is the yo form of resumir in the present?

  • A. resumes
  • B. resume
  • C. resumimos
  • D. resumo

2. What is the tu form of resumir in the preterite?

  • A. resumimos
  • B. resumiste
  • C. resumí
  • D. resumió

3. What is the el form of resumir in the imperfect?

  • A. resumías
  • B. resumíamos
  • C. resumíais
  • D. resumía

4. What is the nosotros form of resumir in the future?

  • A. resumirá
  • B. resumiremos
  • C. resumiré
  • D. resumirás

5. What is the vosotros form of resumir in the present perfect?

  • A. he resumido
  • B. has resumido
  • C. ha resumido
  • D. habéis resumido

6. What is the ellos form of resumir in the present subjunctive?

  • A. resuma
  • B. resuman
  • C. resuma
  • D. resumas

7. What is the yo form of resumir in the preterite?

  • A. resumiste
  • B. resumió
  • C. resumimos
  • D. resumí

8. What is the tu form of resumir in the imperfect?

  • A. resumíamos
  • B. resumías
  • C. resumía
  • D. resumía

9. What is the el form of resumir in the future?

  • A. resumiré
  • B. resumirás
  • C. resumiremos
  • D. resumirá

10. What is the nosotros form of resumir in the conditional?

  • A. resumiría
  • B. resumiríamos
  • C. resumiría
  • D. resumirías

Answer key

  1. resumo — The present table gives yo = resumo.
  2. resumiste — The preterite table gives tu = resumiste.
  3. resumía — The imperfect table gives el = resumía.
  4. resumiremos — The future table gives nosotros = resumiremos.
  5. habéis resumido — The present perfect table gives vosotros = habéis resumido.
  6. resuman — The present subjunctive table gives ellos = resuman.
  7. resumí — The preterite table gives yo = resumí.
  8. resumías — The imperfect table gives tu = resumías.
  9. resumirá — The future table gives el = resumirá.
  10. resumiríamos — The conditional table gives nosotros = resumiríamos.

Frequently asked questions

Is resumir regular or irregular?

resumir is a regular -ir verb. It follows the regular patterns for its ending in every tense. The tables on this page show the correct form for every person, so use them rather than guessing.

What is the past participle of resumir?

The past participle of resumir is resumido. You use it with haber in the perfect tenses — he resumido, había resumido, habré resumido — and after estar in passive-style descriptions. It is the regular participle for its verb class. Learn it together with the gerund resumiendo and you have the two non-finite forms covered.

What is the gerund of resumir?

The gerund of resumir is resumiendo. You use it with estar to describe an action in progress, as in estoy resumiendo, and after verbs such as seguir and ir. Keep it distinct from the past participle resumido, which belongs with haber, not with estar.

What is the yo form of resumir in the present?

The yo form is resumo — “Yo resumo el texto.” means “I summarise the text.” That is the form you will use most often when you talk about yourself. For other persons, use the present table above: tú resumes, él resume, nosotros resumimos, ellos resumen.

What is the difference between resumir and resultar?

resumir means “to summarise”, while resultar means “to turn out, to result”. They share letters and sometimes a root, but they are different verbs. If your sentence means “to summarise”, use resumir; if it is about the meaning of resultar, use resultar instead. Checking the English meaning first prevents most mix-ups.

Related links