Aturdir Conjugation in Spanish

The Spanish verb aturdir means to stun, to daze, and it is a verb you will use again and again once you know it. Aturdir means to stun or to daze, to leave someone confused or dizzy with a blow, a noise or news. It is a fully regular -ir verb used in sport, medicine and everyday speech. Like every Spanish verb, aturdir changes its ending for each person and tense, and this page gives you the complete picture: every tense, every person, the gerund and the past participle, all from the verified conjugation tables. For example, in the present tense you say aturdo al rival con un golpe, and in the preterite you say aturdí a su madre con la noticia. Work through the tables below, read the notes for each tense, and then test yourself with the examples, the common mistakes and the quiz at the end of the page.

Quick facts

  • Infinitive: aturdir
  • English: to stun, to daze
  • Verb type: regular -ir verb
  • Ending: -ir
  • Gerund: aturdiendo
  • Past participle: aturdido
  • Auxiliary verb: haber (all perfect tenses are formed with haber + aturdido)

Pronunciation is not listed on this page: the verified tables do not include IPA for aturdir, so no pronunciation is given rather than an invented one. Aturdir is fully regular: aturdo, aturde. It is stunning someone so they cannot think clearly; confundir is confusing them with mixed information.

Full conjugation tables

Every form below comes from the verified conjugation tables for aturdir. The imperfect subjunctive is shown in its -ra forms; the -se forms use the same stem. For reflexive verbs, the pronoun column shows the reflexive pronoun that goes before each form.

Present indicative

Person Form
yo aturdo
tú aturdes
él/ella/Ud. aturde
nosotros/as aturdimos
vosotros/as aturdís
ellos/ellas/Uds. aturden

Preterite

Person Form
yo aturdí
tú aturdiste
él/ella/Ud. aturdió
nosotros/as aturdimos
vosotros/as aturdisteis
ellos/ellas/Uds. aturdieron

Imperfect

Person Form
yo aturdía
tú aturdías
él/ella/Ud. aturdía
nosotros/as aturdíamos
vosotros/as aturdíais
ellos/ellas/Uds. aturdían

Future

Person Form
yo aturdiré
tú aturdirás
él/ella/Ud. aturdirá
nosotros/as aturdiremos
vosotros/as aturdiréis
ellos/ellas/Uds. aturdirán

Conditional

Person Form
yo aturdiría
tú aturdirías
él/ella/Ud. aturdiría
nosotros/as aturdiríamos
vosotros/as aturdiríais
ellos/ellas/Uds. aturdirían

Present perfect

Person Form
yo he aturdido
tú has aturdido
él/ella/Ud. ha aturdido
nosotros/as hemos aturdido
vosotros/as habéis aturdido
ellos/ellas/Uds. han aturdido

Pluperfect

Person Form
yo había aturdido
tú habías aturdido
él/ella/Ud. había aturdido
nosotros/as habíamos aturdido
vosotros/as habíais aturdido
ellos/ellas/Uds. habían aturdido

Future perfect

Person Form
yo habré aturdido
tú habrás aturdido
él/ella/Ud. habrá aturdido
nosotros/as habremos aturdido
vosotros/as habréis aturdido
ellos/ellas/Uds. habrán aturdido

Conditional perfect

Person Form
yo habría aturdido
tú habrías aturdido
él/ella/Ud. habría aturdido
nosotros/as habríamos aturdido
vosotros/as habríais aturdido
ellos/ellas/Uds. habrían aturdido

Present subjunctive

Person Form
yo aturda
tú aturdas
él/ella/Ud. aturda
nosotros/as aturdamos
vosotros/as aturdáis
ellos/ellas/Uds. aturdan

Imperfect subjunctive (-ra)

Person Form
yo aturdiera
tú aturdieras
él/ella/Ud. aturdiera
nosotros/as aturdiéramos
vosotros/as aturdierais
ellos/ellas/Uds. aturdieran

Imperative (affirmative)

Person Form
tú aturde
él/ella/Ud. aturda
nosotros/as aturdamos
vosotros/as aturdid
ellos/ellas/Uds. aturdan

Imperative (negative)

Person Form
tú aturdas
él/ella/Ud. aturda
nosotros/as aturdamos
vosotros/as aturdáis
ellos/ellas/Uds. aturdan

Gerund and past participle

Form Spanish Use
Gerund aturdiendo with estar for the progressive: estoy aturdiendo
Past participle aturdido with haber for the perfect tenses: he aturdido

How to use each tense

Present indicative

Use the present for routines, general facts and what is happening right now. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For aturdir, the present looks like this in a real sentence: Aturdo al rival con un golpe. Learn the present forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.

Preterite

Use the preterite for finished actions with a clear end, often with ayer, el año pasado or anoche. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For aturdir, the preterite looks like this in a real sentence: Ayer, aturdí con el ruido de la obra. Learn the preterite forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.

Imperfect

Use the imperfect for background, habits and actions in progress in the past, often with de niño, antes or mientras. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For aturdir, the imperfect looks like this in a real sentence: De niño, aturdía a su madre con la noticia. Learn the imperfect forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.

Future

Use the future for plans, predictions and promises, often with mañana, el año que viene or pronto. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For aturdir, the future looks like this in a real sentence: Mañana, aturdiré al portero con el disparo. Learn the future forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.

Conditional

Use the conditional for polite requests, hypotheticals and what would happen, often with si clauses. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For aturdir, the conditional looks like this in a real sentence: Aturdiría al rival con un golpe si pudiera. Learn the conditional forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.

Present perfect

Use the present perfect for recent actions and experiences, often with hoy, esta semana or ya. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For aturdir, the present perfect looks like this in a real sentence: Hoy, he aturdido con el ruido de la obra. Learn the present perfect forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.

Pluperfect

Use the pluperfect when one past action happened before another past action. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For aturdir, the pluperfect looks like this in a real sentence: Había aturdido a su madre con la noticia antes de salir. Learn the pluperfect forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.

Future perfect

Use the future perfect for something that will already be finished by a future time. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For aturdir, the future perfect looks like this in a real sentence: Para mañana, habré aturdido al portero con el disparo. Learn the future perfect forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.

Conditional perfect

Use the conditional perfect for what would have happened under different conditions. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For aturdir, the conditional perfect looks like this in a real sentence: Habría aturdido al rival con un golpe con más tiempo. Learn the conditional perfect forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.

Present subjunctive

Use the present subjunctive after expressions of wish, doubt, emotion and hope, such as espero que or quiero que. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For aturdir, the present subjunctive looks like this in a real sentence: Espero que él aturda con el ruido de la obra. Learn the present subjunctive forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.

Imperfect subjunctive (-ra)

Use the imperfect subjunctive after past wishes and in si clauses about the past, and note the -ra forms shown here; the -se forms use the same stem. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For aturdir, the imperfect subjunctive looks like this in a real sentence: Si él aturdiera a su madre con la noticia, todo cambiaría. Learn the imperfect subjunctive forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.

Imperative (affirmative)

Use the affirmative imperative for direct commands, instructions and invitations. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For aturdir, the affirmative imperative looks like this in a real sentence: ¡Aturde al portero con el disparo! Learn the affirmative imperative forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.

Imperative (negative)

Use the negative imperative, always with no, to tell someone not to do something. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For aturdir, the negative imperative looks like this in a real sentence: No aturdas al rival con un golpe. Learn the negative imperative forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.

Example sentences

Ten natural sentences with aturdir, covering different tenses and persons. Each one uses a form from the tables above.

  1. Aturdo al rival con un golpe. — I stun the rival with a blow.
  2. Aturde con el ruido de la obra. — He/she stuns with the noise from the building work.
  3. Ayer, aturdí a su madre con la noticia. — Yesterday, I stunned his mother with the news.
  4. Antes, nosotros aturdíamos al portero con el disparo. — Before, we used to stun the goalkeeper with the shot.
  5. Mañana, tú aturdirás al rival con un golpe. — Tomorrow, you will stun the rival with a blow.
  6. Yo aturdiría con el ruido de la obra si tuviera más tiempo. — I would stun with the noise from the building work if I had more time.
  7. Él ha aturdido a su madre con la noticia. — He has stunned his mother with the news.
  8. Espero que él aturda al portero con el disparo. — I hope he stuns the goalkeeper with the shot.
  9. Yo ya había aturdido al rival con un golpe antes de salir. — I had already stunned the rival with a blow before leaving.
  10. Ellos aturdían con el ruido de la obra cuando eran jóvenes. — They used to stun with the noise from the building work when they were young.

Common mistakes

  1. Wrong: Yo aturde al rival con un golpe. — Right: Yo aturdo al rival con un golpe. — The person matters: aturde is the él/ella/Ud. form, while the yo form is aturdo. Using the third-person form with yo is one of the most common beginner errors.
  2. Wrong: Ayer yo aturdo con el ruido de la obra. — Right: Ayer yo aturdí con el ruido de la obra. — The present and the preterite are different tenses: aturdo is happening now, while aturdí is a finished action in the past. Use the preterite with ayer.
  3. Wrong: Treating aturdir and confundir as identical in every context. — Right: Aturdir means to stun, to daze, while confundir means to confuse. — They overlap, but each has uses the other does not: aturdir fits sentences such as Aturdo al rival con un golpe, while confundir belongs in a different sentence. Check the meaning you want before choosing.
  4. Wrong: Yo soy aturdido con el ruido de la obra. — Right: Yo he aturdido con el ruido de la obra. — Spanish perfect tenses use haber, not ser: he aturdido, has aturdido, ha aturdido. Ser plus the participle makes a passive, not a perfect tense.
  5. Wrong: De niño, yo aturdí a su madre con la noticia todos los días. — Right: De niño, yo aturdía a su madre con la noticia todos los días. — For a repeated habit in the past, use the imperfect (aturdía), not the preterite. The preterite (aturdí) is for one finished action.

Quiz: test yourself

Ten questions on aturdir. Choose the right form, then check the answer key below.

  1. Complete the sentence: Yo ___ al rival con un golpe. (present tense) A. aturdo B. aturdes C. aturde D. aturdimos

  2. Complete the sentence: Ayer, él ___ con el ruido de la obra. (preterite) A. aturdí B. aturdiste C. aturdieron D. aturdió

  3. Complete the sentence: Antes, nosotros ___ a su madre con la noticia. (imperfect) A. aturdías B. aturdían C. aturdíamos D. aturdía

  4. Complete the sentence: Mañana, tú ___ al portero con el disparo. (future) A. aturdiremos B. aturdirás C. aturdiré D. aturdirá

  5. Complete the sentence: Yo ___ al rival con un golpe si pudiera. (conditional) A. aturdiría B. aturdirías C. aturdirían D. aturdo

  6. Complete the sentence: Espero que él ___ con el ruido de la obra. (present subjunctive) A. aturdas B. aturdamos C. aturdo D. aturda

  7. Complete the sentence: Si yo ___ a su madre con la noticia, todo cambiaría. (imperfect subjunctive, -ra form) A. aturdiéramos B. aturdo C. aturdiera D. aturdieras

  8. Complete the sentence: Nosotros ___ al portero con el disparo. (present perfect) A. han aturdido B. hemos aturdido C. he aturdido D. has aturdido

  9. Complete the command: ¡___ al rival con un golpe! (affirmative imperative, tú) A. aturde B. aturda C. aturdamos D. aturdid

  10. Which is the gerund of aturdir, used with estar for the progressive? A. aturdido B. aturdo C. aturdí D. aturdiendo

Answer key

  1. aturdo — The first-person present of aturdir is aturdo. The other options are the tú, él/ella and nosotros forms.
  2. aturdió — The third-person preterite of aturdir is aturdió, the form for a single finished action in the past.
  3. aturdíamos — The nosotros imperfect of aturdir is aturdíamos, used here for a repeated past habit.
  4. aturdirás — The second-person future of aturdir is aturdirás.
  5. aturdiría — The first-person conditional of aturdir is aturdiría, the form for what would happen.
  6. aturda — After espero que, the subjunctive is required: the third-person present subjunctive of aturdir is aturda.
  7. aturdiera — The first-person imperfect subjunctive (-ra) of aturdir is aturdiera.
  8. hemos aturdido — The nosotros present perfect of aturdir is hemos aturdido: hemos + aturdido.
  9. aturde — The affirmative tú imperative of aturdir is aturde.
  10. aturdiendo — The gerund of aturdir is aturdiendo: estoy aturdiendo. The participle aturdido is used with haber instead.

Frequently asked questions

What does aturdir mean in English?

Aturdir means to stun, to daze. It is used in everyday situations such as Aturdo al rival con un golpe. The exact English wording depends on the context, but the core meaning stays the same across the tenses.

Is aturdir regular or irregular?

Aturdir is a fully regular -ir verb, so every tense follows the standard endings for its class. Once you know the regular pattern, you can produce every form on this page, including aturdo in the present and aturdí in the preterite.

What is the difference between aturdir and confundir?

Aturdir means to stun, to daze, while confundir means to confuse. They are easy to confuse because they appear in similar situations, but they are not interchangeable: use aturdir when you mean to stun, to daze, as in Aturdo al rival con un golpe, and use confundir for to confuse. When in doubt, check the object of the sentence — it usually shows which verb fits.

How do I say “I stun” in the past?

It depends on the kind of past. For one finished action, use the preterite: yo aturdí con el ruido de la obra. For a repeated habit or background in the past, use the imperfect: yo aturdía a su madre con la noticia. For something that has just happened, use the present perfect: yo he aturdido con el ruido de la obra.

How do I practise aturdir?

Start with the present tense table, then drill the preterite and the imperfect, since those two past tenses cause the most mistakes. Try the aturdir examples and quiz page for more sentences, and use the Spanish Verb Quiz to test the forms under pressure.

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