Sudar Conjugation in Spanish

The Spanish verb sudar means to sweat, and it is a verb you will use again and again once you know it. Sudar means to sweat, and it is used for sweating in the heat, in exercise and from nerves: sudar en el gimnasio, sudar de miedo. It is a fully regular -ar verb. Like every Spanish verb, sudar changes its ending for each person and tense, and this page gives you the complete picture: every tense, every person, the gerund and the past participle, all from the verified conjugation tables. For example, in the present tense you say sudo mucho en el gimnasio, and in the preterite you say sudé de miedo antes del examen. Work through the tables below, read the notes for each tense, and then test yourself with the examples, the common mistakes and the quiz at the end of the page.

Quick facts

  • Infinitive: sudar
  • English: to sweat
  • Verb type: regular -ar verb
  • Ending: -ar
  • Gerund: sudando
  • Past participle: sudado
  • Auxiliary verb: haber (all perfect tenses are formed with haber + sudado)

Pronunciation is not listed on this page: the verified tables do not include IPA for sudar, so no pronunciation is given rather than an invented one. Sudar is fully regular: sudé, sudaba, sudaré.

Full conjugation tables

Every form below comes from the verified conjugation tables for sudar. The imperfect subjunctive is shown in its -ra forms; the -se forms use the same stem. For reflexive verbs, the pronoun column shows the reflexive pronoun that goes before each form.

Present indicative

Person Form
yo sudo
tú sudas
él/ella/Ud. suda
nosotros/as sudamos
vosotros/as sudáis
ellos/ellas/Uds. sudan

Preterite

Person Form
yo sudé
tú sudaste
él/ella/Ud. sudó
nosotros/as sudamos
vosotros/as sudasteis
ellos/ellas/Uds. sudaron

Imperfect

Person Form
yo sudaba
tú sudabas
él/ella/Ud. sudaba
nosotros/as sudábamos
vosotros/as sudabais
ellos/ellas/Uds. sudaban

Future

Person Form
yo sudaré
tú sudarás
él/ella/Ud. sudará
nosotros/as sudaremos
vosotros/as sudaréis
ellos/ellas/Uds. sudarán

Conditional

Person Form
yo sudaría
tú sudarías
él/ella/Ud. sudaría
nosotros/as sudaríamos
vosotros/as sudaríais
ellos/ellas/Uds. sudarían

Present perfect

Person Form
yo he sudado
tú has sudado
él/ella/Ud. ha sudado
nosotros/as hemos sudado
vosotros/as habéis sudado
ellos/ellas/Uds. han sudado

Pluperfect

Person Form
yo había sudado
tú habías sudado
él/ella/Ud. había sudado
nosotros/as habíamos sudado
vosotros/as habíais sudado
ellos/ellas/Uds. habían sudado

Future perfect

Person Form
yo habré sudado
tú habrás sudado
él/ella/Ud. habrá sudado
nosotros/as habremos sudado
vosotros/as habréis sudado
ellos/ellas/Uds. habrán sudado

Conditional perfect

Person Form
yo habría sudado
tú habrías sudado
él/ella/Ud. habría sudado
nosotros/as habríamos sudado
vosotros/as habríais sudado
ellos/ellas/Uds. habrían sudado

Present subjunctive

Person Form
yo sude
tú sudes
él/ella/Ud. sude
nosotros/as sudemos
vosotros/as sudéis
ellos/ellas/Uds. suden

Imperfect subjunctive (-ra)

Person Form
yo sudara
tú sudaras
él/ella/Ud. sudara
nosotros/as sudáramos
vosotros/as sudarais
ellos/ellas/Uds. sudaran

Imperative (affirmative)

Person Form
tú suda
él/ella/Ud. sude
nosotros/as sudemos
vosotros/as sudad
ellos/ellas/Uds. suden

Imperative (negative)

Person Form
tú sudes
él/ella/Ud. sude
nosotros/as sudemos
vosotros/as sudéis
ellos/ellas/Uds. suden

Gerund and past participle

Form Spanish Use
Gerund sudando with estar for the progressive: estoy sudando
Past participle sudado with haber for the perfect tenses: he sudado

How to use each tense

Present indicative

Use the present for routines, general facts and what is happening right now. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For sudar, the present looks like this in a real sentence: Sudo mucho en el gimnasio. Learn the present forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.

Preterite

Use the preterite for finished actions with a clear end, often with ayer, el año pasado or anoche. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For sudar, the preterite looks like this in a real sentence: Ayer, sudé con el calor del verano. Learn the preterite forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.

Imperfect

Use the imperfect for background, habits and actions in progress in the past, often with de niño, antes or mientras. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For sudar, the imperfect looks like this in a real sentence: De niño, sudaba de miedo antes del examen. Learn the imperfect forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.

Future

Use the future for plans, predictions and promises, often with mañana, el año que viene or pronto. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For sudar, the future looks like this in a real sentence: Mañana, sudaré toda la noche con fiebre. Learn the future forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.

Conditional

Use the conditional for polite requests, hypotheticals and what would happen, often with si clauses. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For sudar, the conditional looks like this in a real sentence: Sudaría mucho en el gimnasio si pudiera. Learn the conditional forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.

Present perfect

Use the present perfect for recent actions and experiences, often with hoy, esta semana or ya. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For sudar, the present perfect looks like this in a real sentence: Hoy, he sudado con el calor del verano. Learn the present perfect forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.

Pluperfect

Use the pluperfect when one past action happened before another past action. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For sudar, the pluperfect looks like this in a real sentence: Había sudado de miedo antes del examen antes de salir. Learn the pluperfect forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.

Future perfect

Use the future perfect for something that will already be finished by a future time. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For sudar, the future perfect looks like this in a real sentence: Para mañana, habré sudado toda la noche con fiebre. Learn the future perfect forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.

Conditional perfect

Use the conditional perfect for what would have happened under different conditions. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For sudar, the conditional perfect looks like this in a real sentence: Habría sudado mucho en el gimnasio con más tiempo. Learn the conditional perfect forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.

Present subjunctive

Use the present subjunctive after expressions of wish, doubt, emotion and hope, such as espero que or quiero que. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For sudar, the present subjunctive looks like this in a real sentence: Espero que él sude con el calor del verano. Learn the present subjunctive forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.

Imperfect subjunctive (-ra)

Use the imperfect subjunctive after past wishes and in si clauses about the past, and note the -ra forms shown here; the -se forms use the same stem. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For sudar, the imperfect subjunctive looks like this in a real sentence: Si él sudara de miedo antes del examen, todo cambiaría. Learn the imperfect subjunctive forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.

Imperative (affirmative)

Use the affirmative imperative for direct commands, instructions and invitations. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For sudar, the affirmative imperative looks like this in a real sentence: ¡Suda toda la noche con fiebre! Learn the affirmative imperative forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.

Imperative (negative)

Use the negative imperative, always with no, to tell someone not to do something. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For sudar, the negative imperative looks like this in a real sentence: No sudes mucho en el gimnasio. Learn the negative imperative forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.

Example sentences

Ten natural sentences with sudar, covering different tenses and persons. Each one uses a form from the tables above.

  1. Sudo mucho en el gimnasio. — I sweat a lot in the gym.
  2. Suda con el calor del verano. — He/she sweats with the summer heat.
  3. Ayer, sudé de miedo antes del examen. — Yesterday, I sweated with fear before the exam.
  4. Antes, nosotros sudábamos toda la noche con fiebre. — Before, we used to sweat all night with a fever.
  5. Mañana, tú sudarás mucho en el gimnasio. — Tomorrow, you will sweat a lot in the gym.
  6. Yo sudaría con el calor del verano si tuviera más tiempo. — I would sweat with the summer heat if I had more time.
  7. Él ha sudado de miedo antes del examen. — He has sweated with fear before the exam.
  8. Espero que él sude toda la noche con fiebre. — I hope he sweats all night with a fever.
  9. Yo ya había sudado mucho en el gimnasio antes de salir. — I had already sweated a lot in the gym before leaving.
  10. Ellos sudaban con el calor del verano cuando eran jóvenes. — They used to sweat with the summer heat when they were young.

Common mistakes

  1. Wrong: Yo suda mucho en el gimnasio. — Right: Yo sudo mucho en el gimnasio. — The person matters: suda is the él/ella/Ud. form, while the yo form is sudo. Using the third-person form with yo is one of the most common beginner errors.
  2. Wrong: Ayer yo sudo con el calor del verano. — Right: Ayer yo sudé con el calor del verano. — The present and the preterite are different tenses: sudo is happening now, while sudé is a finished action in the past. Use the preterite with ayer.
  3. Wrong: Treating sudar and transpirar as identical in every context. — Right: Sudar means to sweat, while transpirar means to perspire. — They overlap, but each has uses the other does not: sudar fits sentences such as Sudo mucho en el gimnasio, while transpirar belongs in a different sentence. Check the meaning you want before choosing.
  4. Wrong: Yo soy sudado con el calor del verano. — Right: Yo he sudado con el calor del verano. — Spanish perfect tenses use haber, not ser: he sudado, has sudado, ha sudado. Ser plus the participle makes a passive, not a perfect tense.
  5. Wrong: De niño, yo sudé de miedo antes del examen todos los días. — Right: De niño, yo sudaba de miedo antes del examen todos los días. — For a repeated habit in the past, use the imperfect (sudaba), not the preterite. The preterite (sudé) is for one finished action.

Quiz: test yourself

Ten questions on sudar. Choose the right form, then check the answer key below.

  1. Complete the sentence: Yo ___ mucho en el gimnasio. (present tense) A. sudo B. sudas C. suda D. sudamos

  2. Complete the sentence: Ayer, él ___ con el calor del verano. (preterite) A. sudé B. sudaste C. sudamos D. sudó

  3. Complete the sentence: Antes, nosotros ___ de miedo antes del examen. (imperfect) A. sudabas B. sudo C. sudábamos D. sudaba

  4. Complete the sentence: Mañana, tú ___ toda la noche con fiebre. (future) A. sudaremos B. sudarás C. sudaré D. sudará

  5. Complete the sentence: Yo ___ mucho en el gimnasio si pudiera. (conditional) A. sudaría B. sudarías C. sudaríamos D. sudo

  6. Complete the sentence: Espero que él ___ con el calor del verano. (present subjunctive) A. sudes B. sudemos C. sudo D. sude

  7. Complete the sentence: Si yo ___ de miedo antes del examen, todo cambiaría. (imperfect subjunctive, -ra form) A. sudáramos B. sudo C. sudara D. sudaras

  8. Complete the sentence: Nosotros ___ toda la noche con fiebre. (present perfect) A. ha sudado B. hemos sudado C. he sudado D. has sudado

  9. Complete the command: ¡___ mucho en el gimnasio! (affirmative imperative, tú) A. suda B. sude C. sudemos D. sudad

  10. Which is the gerund of sudar, used with estar for the progressive? A. sudado B. sudo C. sudé D. sudando

Answer key

  1. sudo — The yo present tense of sudar is sudo.
  2. sudó — The él/ella/Ud. preterite of sudar is sudó.
  3. sudábamos — The nosotros/as imperfect of sudar is sudábamos.
  4. sudarás — The tú future of sudar is sudarás.
  5. sudaría — The yo conditional of sudar is sudaría.
  6. sude — The él/ella/Ud. present subjunctive of sudar is sude.
  7. sudara — The yo imperfect subjunctive, -ra form of sudar is sudara.
  8. hemos sudado — The nosotros/as present perfect of sudar is hemos sudado.
  9. suda — The affirmative tú imperative of sudar is suda.
  10. sudando — The gerund of sudar is sudando: estoy sudando. The participle sudado is used with haber instead.

Frequently asked questions

What does sudar mean in English?

Sudar means to sweat. It is used in everyday situations such as Sudo mucho en el gimnasio. The exact English wording depends on the context, but the core meaning stays the same across the tenses.

Is sudar regular or irregular?

Sudar is a fully regular -ar verb, so every tense follows the standard endings for its class. Once you know the regular pattern, you can produce every form on this page, including sudo in the present and sudé in the preterite.

What is the difference between sudar and transpirar?

Sudar means to sweat, while transpirar means to perspire. They are easy to confuse because they appear in similar situations, but they are not interchangeable: use sudar when you mean to sweat, as in Sudo mucho en el gimnasio, and use transpirar for to perspire. When in doubt, check the object of the sentence — it usually shows which verb fits.

How do I say “I sweat” in the past?

It depends on the kind of past. For one finished action, use the preterite: yo sudé con el calor del verano. For a repeated habit or background in the past, use the imperfect: yo sudaba de miedo antes del examen. For something that has just happened, use the present perfect: yo he sudado con el calor del verano.

How do I practise sudar?

Start with the present tense table, then drill the preterite and the imperfect, since those two past tenses cause the most mistakes. Try the sudar examples and quiz page for more sentences, and use the Spanish Verb Quiz to test the forms under pressure.

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