Jurar Conjugation in Spanish

The Spanish verb jurar means to swear, and it is a verb you will use again and again once you know it. Jurar means to swear, and it covers swearing to tell the truth in court, swearing loyalty and swearing an oath. It is a fully regular -ar verb, and it is stronger than prometer, which is a simple promise. Like every Spanish verb, jurar changes its ending for each person and tense, and this page gives you the complete picture: every tense, every person, the gerund and the past participle, all from the verified conjugation tables. For example, in the present tense you say juro decir la verdad ante el juez, and in the preterite you say juré por su madre que era inocente. Work through the tables below, read the notes for each tense, and then test yourself with the examples, the common mistakes and the quiz at the end of the page.

Quick facts

  • Infinitive: jurar
  • English: to swear
  • Verb type: regular -ar verb
  • Ending: -ar
  • Gerund: jurando
  • Past participle: jurado
  • Auxiliary verb: haber (all perfect tenses are formed with haber + jurado)

Pronunciation is not listed on this page: the verified tables do not include IPA for jurar, so no pronunciation is given rather than an invented one. Jurar is fully regular: juré, juraba, juraré. Jurar por algo is to swear by something, such as by your mother.

Full conjugation tables

Every form below comes from the verified conjugation tables for jurar. The imperfect subjunctive is shown in its -ra forms; the -se forms use the same stem. For reflexive verbs, the pronoun column shows the reflexive pronoun that goes before each form.

Present indicative

Person Form
yo juro
tú juras
él/ella/Ud. jura
nosotros/as juramos
vosotros/as juráis
ellos/ellas/Uds. juran

Preterite

Person Form
yo juré
tú juraste
él/ella/Ud. juró
nosotros/as juramos
vosotros/as jurasteis
ellos/ellas/Uds. juraron

Imperfect

Person Form
yo juraba
tú jurabas
él/ella/Ud. juraba
nosotros/as jurábamos
vosotros/as jurabais
ellos/ellas/Uds. juraban

Future

Person Form
yo juraré
tú jurarás
él/ella/Ud. jurará
nosotros/as juraremos
vosotros/as juraréis
ellos/ellas/Uds. jurarán

Conditional

Person Form
yo juraría
tú jurarías
él/ella/Ud. juraría
nosotros/as juraríamos
vosotros/as juraríais
ellos/ellas/Uds. jurarían

Present perfect

Person Form
yo he jurado
tú has jurado
él/ella/Ud. ha jurado
nosotros/as hemos jurado
vosotros/as habéis jurado
ellos/ellas/Uds. han jurado

Pluperfect

Person Form
yo había jurado
tú habías jurado
él/ella/Ud. había jurado
nosotros/as habíamos jurado
vosotros/as habíais jurado
ellos/ellas/Uds. habían jurado

Future perfect

Person Form
yo habré jurado
tú habrás jurado
él/ella/Ud. habrá jurado
nosotros/as habremos jurado
vosotros/as habréis jurado
ellos/ellas/Uds. habrán jurado

Conditional perfect

Person Form
yo habría jurado
tú habrías jurado
él/ella/Ud. habría jurado
nosotros/as habríamos jurado
vosotros/as habríais jurado
ellos/ellas/Uds. habrían jurado

Present subjunctive

Person Form
yo jure
tú jures
él/ella/Ud. jure
nosotros/as juremos
vosotros/as juréis
ellos/ellas/Uds. juren

Imperfect subjunctive (-ra)

Person Form
yo jurara
tú juraras
él/ella/Ud. jurara
nosotros/as juráramos
vosotros/as jurarais
ellos/ellas/Uds. juraran

Imperative (affirmative)

Person Form
tú jura
él/ella/Ud. jure
nosotros/as juremos
vosotros/as jurad
ellos/ellas/Uds. juren

Imperative (negative)

Person Form
tú jures
él/ella/Ud. jure
nosotros/as juremos
vosotros/as juréis
ellos/ellas/Uds. juren

Gerund and past participle

Form Spanish Use
Gerund jurando with estar for the progressive: estoy jurando
Past participle jurado with haber for the perfect tenses: he jurado

How to use each tense

Present indicative

Use the present for routines, general facts and what is happening right now. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For jurar, the present looks like this in a real sentence: Juro decir la verdad ante el juez. Learn the present forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.

Preterite

Use the preterite for finished actions with a clear end, often with ayer, el año pasado or anoche. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For jurar, the preterite looks like this in a real sentence: Ayer, juré lealtad a su país. Learn the preterite forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.

Imperfect

Use the imperfect for background, habits and actions in progress in the past, often with de niño, antes or mientras. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For jurar, the imperfect looks like this in a real sentence: De niño, juraba por su madre que era inocente. Learn the imperfect forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.

Future

Use the future for plans, predictions and promises, often with mañana, el año que viene or pronto. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For jurar, the future looks like this in a real sentence: Mañana, juraré no volver a mentir. Learn the future forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.

Conditional

Use the conditional for polite requests, hypotheticals and what would happen, often with si clauses. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For jurar, the conditional looks like this in a real sentence: Juraría decir la verdad ante el juez si pudiera. Learn the conditional forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.

Present perfect

Use the present perfect for recent actions and experiences, often with hoy, esta semana or ya. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For jurar, the present perfect looks like this in a real sentence: Hoy, he jurado lealtad a su país. Learn the present perfect forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.

Pluperfect

Use the pluperfect when one past action happened before another past action. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For jurar, the pluperfect looks like this in a real sentence: Había jurado por su madre que era inocente antes de salir. Learn the pluperfect forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.

Future perfect

Use the future perfect for something that will already be finished by a future time. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For jurar, the future perfect looks like this in a real sentence: Para mañana, habré jurado no volver a mentir. Learn the future perfect forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.

Conditional perfect

Use the conditional perfect for what would have happened under different conditions. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For jurar, the conditional perfect looks like this in a real sentence: Habría jurado decir la verdad ante el juez con más tiempo. Learn the conditional perfect forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.

Present subjunctive

Use the present subjunctive after expressions of wish, doubt, emotion and hope, such as espero que or quiero que. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For jurar, the present subjunctive looks like this in a real sentence: Espero que él jure lealtad a su país. Learn the present subjunctive forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.

Imperfect subjunctive (-ra)

Use the imperfect subjunctive after past wishes and in si clauses about the past, and note the -ra forms shown here; the -se forms use the same stem. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For jurar, the imperfect subjunctive looks like this in a real sentence: Si él jurara por su madre que era inocente, todo cambiaría. Learn the imperfect subjunctive forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.

Imperative (affirmative)

Use the affirmative imperative for direct commands, instructions and invitations. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For jurar, the affirmative imperative looks like this in a real sentence: ¡Jura no volver a mentir! Learn the affirmative imperative forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.

Imperative (negative)

Use the negative imperative, always with no, to tell someone not to do something. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For jurar, the negative imperative looks like this in a real sentence: No jures decir la verdad ante el juez. Learn the negative imperative forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.

Example sentences

Ten natural sentences with jurar, covering different tenses and persons. Each one uses a form from the tables above.

  1. Juro decir la verdad ante el juez. — I swear to tell the truth before the judge.
  2. Jura lealtad a su país. — He/she swears loyalty to his country.
  3. Ayer, juré por su madre que era inocente. — Yesterday, I swore by his mother that he was innocent.
  4. Antes, nosotros jurábamos no volver a mentir. — Before, we used to swear never to lie again.
  5. Mañana, tú jurarás decir la verdad ante el juez. — Tomorrow, you will swear to tell the truth before the judge.
  6. Yo juraría lealtad a su país si tuviera más tiempo. — I would swear loyalty to his country if I had more time.
  7. Él ha jurado por su madre que era inocente. — He has sworn by his mother that he was innocent.
  8. Espero que él jure no volver a mentir. — I hope he swears never to lie again.
  9. Yo ya había jurado decir la verdad ante el juez antes de salir. — I had already sworn to tell the truth before the judge before leaving.
  10. Ellos juraban lealtad a su país cuando eran jóvenes. — They used to swear loyalty to his country when they were young.

Common mistakes

  1. Wrong: Yo jura decir la verdad ante el juez. — Right: Yo juro decir la verdad ante el juez. — The person matters: jura is the él/ella/Ud. form, while the yo form is juro. Using the third-person form with yo is one of the most common beginner errors.
  2. Wrong: Vosotros jurais lealtad a su país. — Right: Vosotros juráis lealtad a su país. — The vosotros present form carries a written accent: juráis, not jurais. The accent marks the stressed vowel.
  3. Wrong: Treating jurar and prometer as identical in every context. — Right: Jurar means to swear, while prometer means to promise, the close verb. — They overlap, but each has uses the other does not: jurar fits sentences such as Juro decir la verdad ante el juez, while prometer belongs in a different sentence. Check the meaning you want before choosing.
  4. Wrong: Yo soy jurado lealtad a su país. — Right: Yo he jurado lealtad a su país. — Spanish perfect tenses use haber, not ser: he jurado, has jurado, ha jurado. Ser plus the participle makes a passive, not a perfect tense.
  5. Wrong: De niño, yo juré por su madre que era inocente todos los días. — Right: De niño, yo juraba por su madre que era inocente todos los días. — For a repeated habit in the past, use the imperfect (juraba), not the preterite. The preterite (juré) is for one finished action.

Quiz: test yourself

Ten questions on jurar. Choose the right form, then check the answer key below.

  1. Complete the sentence: Yo ___ decir la verdad ante el juez. (present tense) A. juro B. juras C. jura D. juramos

  2. Complete the sentence: Ayer, él ___ lealtad a su país. (preterite) A. juré B. juraste C. juraron D. juró

  3. Complete the sentence: Antes, nosotros ___ por su madre que era inocente. (imperfect) A. jurabas B. juraban C. jurábamos D. juraba

  4. Complete the sentence: Mañana, tú ___ no volver a mentir. (future) A. juraremos B. jurarás C. juraré D. jurará

  5. Complete the sentence: Yo ___ decir la verdad ante el juez si pudiera. (conditional) A. juraría B. jurarías C. jurarían D. juro

  6. Complete the sentence: Espero que él ___ lealtad a su país. (present subjunctive) A. jures B. juremos C. juro D. jure

  7. Complete the sentence: Si yo ___ por su madre que era inocente, todo cambiaría. (imperfect subjunctive, -ra form) A. juráramos B. juro C. jurara D. juraras

  8. Complete the sentence: Nosotros ___ no volver a mentir. (present perfect) A. han jurado B. hemos jurado C. he jurado D. has jurado

  9. Complete the command: ¡___ decir la verdad ante el juez! (affirmative imperative, tú) A. jura B. jure C. juremos D. jurad

  10. Which is the gerund of jurar, used with estar for the progressive? A. jurado B. juro C. juré D. jurando

Answer key

  1. juro — The first-person present of jurar is juro. The other options are the tú, él/ella and nosotros forms.
  2. juró — The third-person preterite of jurar is juró, the form for a single finished action in the past.
  3. jurábamos — The nosotros imperfect of jurar is jurábamos, used here for a repeated past habit.
  4. jurarás — The second-person future of jurar is jurarás.
  5. juraría — The first-person conditional of jurar is juraría, the form for what would happen.
  6. jure — After espero que, the subjunctive is required: the third-person present subjunctive of jurar is jure.
  7. jurara — The first-person imperfect subjunctive (-ra) of jurar is jurara.
  8. hemos jurado — The nosotros present perfect of jurar is hemos jurado: hemos + jurado.
  9. jura — The affirmative tú imperative of jurar is jura.
  10. jurando — The gerund of jurar is jurando: estoy jurando. The participle jurado is used with haber instead.

Frequently asked questions

What does jurar mean in English?

Jurar means to swear. It is used in everyday situations such as Juro decir la verdad ante el juez. The exact English wording depends on the context, but the core meaning stays the same across the tenses.

Is jurar regular or irregular?

Jurar is a fully regular -ar verb, so every tense follows the standard endings for its class. Once you know the regular pattern, you can produce every form on this page, including juro in the present and juré in the preterite.

What is the difference between jurar and prometer?

Jurar means to swear, while prometer means to promise, the close verb. They are easy to confuse because they appear in similar situations, but they are not interchangeable: use jurar when you mean to swear, as in Juro decir la verdad ante el juez, and use prometer for to promise, the close verb. When in doubt, check the object of the sentence — it usually shows which verb fits.

How do I say “I swear” in the past?

It depends on the kind of past. For one finished action, use the preterite: yo juré lealtad a su país. For a repeated habit or background in the past, use the imperfect: yo juraba por su madre que era inocente. For something that has just happened, use the present perfect: yo he jurado lealtad a su país.

How do I practise jurar?

Start with the present tense table, then drill the preterite and the imperfect, since those two past tenses cause the most mistakes. Try the jurar examples and quiz page for more sentences, and use the Spanish Verb Quiz to test the forms under pressure.

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