Graznar Conjugation in Spanish
The Spanish verb graznar means to caw, to croak, and it is a verb you will use again and again once you know it. Graznar means to caw or to croak, the harsh cry of a crow, a raven or a duck. It is an animal-sound verb used in nature and the countryside, and it is fully regular. Like every Spanish verb, graznar changes its ending for each person and tense, and this page gives you the complete picture: every tense, every person, the gerund and the past participle, all from the verified conjugation tables. For example, in the present tense you say grazno en el árbol del jardín, and in the preterite you say grazné cuando pasa alguien. Work through the tables below, read the notes for each tense, and then test yourself with the examples, the common mistakes and the quiz at the end of the page.
Quick facts
- Infinitive: graznar
- English: to caw, to croak
- Verb type: regular -ar verb
- Ending: -ar
- Gerund: graznando
- Past participle: graznado
- Auxiliary verb: haber (all perfect tenses are formed with haber + graznado)
Pronunciation is not listed on this page: the verified tables do not include IPA for graznar, so no pronunciation is given rather than an invented one. Graznar is fully regular: grazno, grazna. Crows graznan with a harsh cry; nightingales cantan.
Full conjugation tables
Every form below comes from the verified conjugation tables for graznar. The imperfect subjunctive is shown in its -ra forms; the -se forms use the same stem. For reflexive verbs, the pronoun column shows the reflexive pronoun that goes before each form.
Present indicative
| Person | Form |
|---|---|
| yo | grazno |
| tú | graznas |
| él/ella/Ud. | grazna |
| nosotros/as | graznamos |
| vosotros/as | graznáis |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | graznan |
Preterite
| Person | Form |
|---|---|
| yo | grazné |
| tú | graznaste |
| él/ella/Ud. | graznó |
| nosotros/as | graznamos |
| vosotros/as | graznasteis |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | graznaron |
Imperfect
| Person | Form |
|---|---|
| yo | graznaba |
| tú | graznabas |
| él/ella/Ud. | graznaba |
| nosotros/as | graznábamos |
| vosotros/as | graznabais |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | graznaban |
Future
| Person | Form |
|---|---|
| yo | graznaré |
| tú | graznarás |
| él/ella/Ud. | graznará |
| nosotros/as | graznaremos |
| vosotros/as | graznaréis |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | graznarán |
Conditional
| Person | Form |
|---|---|
| yo | graznaría |
| tú | graznarías |
| él/ella/Ud. | graznaría |
| nosotros/as | graznaríamos |
| vosotros/as | graznaríais |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | graznarían |
Present perfect
| Person | Form |
|---|---|
| yo | he graznado |
| tú | has graznado |
| él/ella/Ud. | ha graznado |
| nosotros/as | hemos graznado |
| vosotros/as | habéis graznado |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | han graznado |
Pluperfect
| Person | Form |
|---|---|
| yo | había graznado |
| tú | habías graznado |
| él/ella/Ud. | había graznado |
| nosotros/as | habíamos graznado |
| vosotros/as | habíais graznado |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | habían graznado |
Future perfect
| Person | Form |
|---|---|
| yo | habré graznado |
| tú | habrás graznado |
| él/ella/Ud. | habrá graznado |
| nosotros/as | habremos graznado |
| vosotros/as | habréis graznado |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | habrán graznado |
Conditional perfect
| Person | Form |
|---|---|
| yo | habría graznado |
| tú | habrías graznado |
| él/ella/Ud. | habría graznado |
| nosotros/as | habríamos graznado |
| vosotros/as | habríais graznado |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | habrían graznado |
Present subjunctive
| Person | Form |
|---|---|
| yo | grazne |
| tú | graznes |
| él/ella/Ud. | grazne |
| nosotros/as | graznemos |
| vosotros/as | graznéis |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | graznen |
Imperfect subjunctive (-ra)
| Person | Form |
|---|---|
| yo | graznara |
| tú | graznaras |
| él/ella/Ud. | graznara |
| nosotros/as | graznáramos |
| vosotros/as | graznarais |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | graznaran |
Imperative (affirmative)
| Person | Form |
|---|---|
| tú | grazna |
| él/ella/Ud. | grazne |
| nosotros/as | graznemos |
| vosotros/as | graznad |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | graznen |
Imperative (negative)
| Person | Form |
|---|---|
| tú | graznes |
| él/ella/Ud. | grazne |
| nosotros/as | graznemos |
| vosotros/as | graznéis |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | graznen |
Gerund and past participle
| Form | Spanish | Use |
|---|---|---|
| Gerund | graznando | with estar for the progressive: estoy graznando |
| Past participle | graznado | with haber for the perfect tenses: he graznado |
How to use each tense
Present indicative
Use the present for routines, general facts and what is happening right now. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For graznar, the present looks like this in a real sentence: Grazno en el árbol del jardín. Learn the present forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.
Preterite
Use the preterite for finished actions with a clear end, often with ayer, el año pasado or anoche. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For graznar, the preterite looks like this in a real sentence: Ayer, grazné al amanecer sobre el tejado. Learn the preterite forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.
Imperfect
Use the imperfect for background, habits and actions in progress in the past, often with de niño, antes or mientras. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For graznar, the imperfect looks like this in a real sentence: De niño, graznaba cuando pasa alguien. Learn the imperfect forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.
Future
Use the future for plans, predictions and promises, often with mañana, el año que viene or pronto. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For graznar, the future looks like this in a real sentence: Mañana, graznaré toda la mañana en el campo. Learn the future forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.
Conditional
Use the conditional for polite requests, hypotheticals and what would happen, often with si clauses. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For graznar, the conditional looks like this in a real sentence: Graznaría en el árbol del jardín si pudiera. Learn the conditional forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.
Present perfect
Use the present perfect for recent actions and experiences, often with hoy, esta semana or ya. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For graznar, the present perfect looks like this in a real sentence: Hoy, he graznado al amanecer sobre el tejado. Learn the present perfect forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.
Pluperfect
Use the pluperfect when one past action happened before another past action. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For graznar, the pluperfect looks like this in a real sentence: Había graznado cuando pasa alguien antes de salir. Learn the pluperfect forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.
Future perfect
Use the future perfect for something that will already be finished by a future time. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For graznar, the future perfect looks like this in a real sentence: Para mañana, habré graznado toda la mañana en el campo. Learn the future perfect forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.
Conditional perfect
Use the conditional perfect for what would have happened under different conditions. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For graznar, the conditional perfect looks like this in a real sentence: Habría graznado en el árbol del jardín con más tiempo. Learn the conditional perfect forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.
Present subjunctive
Use the present subjunctive after expressions of wish, doubt, emotion and hope, such as espero que or quiero que. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For graznar, the present subjunctive looks like this in a real sentence: Espero que él grazne al amanecer sobre el tejado. Learn the present subjunctive forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.
Imperfect subjunctive (-ra)
Use the imperfect subjunctive after past wishes and in si clauses about the past, and note the -ra forms shown here; the -se forms use the same stem. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For graznar, the imperfect subjunctive looks like this in a real sentence: Si él graznara cuando pasa alguien, todo cambiaría. Learn the imperfect subjunctive forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.
Imperative (affirmative)
Use the affirmative imperative for direct commands, instructions and invitations. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For graznar, the affirmative imperative looks like this in a real sentence: ¡Grazna toda la mañana en el campo! Learn the affirmative imperative forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.
Imperative (negative)
Use the negative imperative, always with no, to tell someone not to do something. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For graznar, the negative imperative looks like this in a real sentence: No graznes en el árbol del jardín. Learn the negative imperative forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.
Example sentences
Ten natural sentences with graznar, covering different tenses and persons. Each one uses a form from the tables above.
- Grazno en el árbol del jardín. — I caw in the tree in the garden.
- Grazna al amanecer sobre el tejado. — He/she caws at dawn over the roof.
- Ayer, grazné cuando pasa alguien. — Yesterday, I cawed when someone passes by.
- Antes, nosotros graznábamos toda la mañana en el campo. — Before, we used to caw all morning in the fields.
- Mañana, tú graznarás en el árbol del jardín. — Tomorrow, you will caw in the tree in the garden.
- Yo graznaría al amanecer sobre el tejado si tuviera más tiempo. — I would caw at dawn over the roof if I had more time.
- Él ha graznado cuando pasa alguien. — He has cawed when someone passes by.
- Espero que él grazne toda la mañana en el campo. — I hope he caws all morning in the fields.
- Yo ya había graznado en el árbol del jardín antes de salir. — I had already cawed in the tree in the garden before leaving.
- Ellos graznaban al amanecer sobre el tejado cuando eran jóvenes. — They used to caw at dawn over the roof when they were young.
Common mistakes
- Wrong: Yo grazna en el árbol del jardín. — Right: Yo grazno en el árbol del jardín. — The person matters: grazna is the él/ella/Ud. form, while the yo form is grazno. Using the third-person form with yo is one of the most common beginner errors.
- Wrong: Ayer yo grazno al amanecer sobre el tejado. — Right: Ayer yo grazné al amanecer sobre el tejado. — The present and the preterite are different tenses: grazno is happening now, while grazné is a finished action in the past. Use the preterite with ayer.
- Wrong: Treating graznar and cantar as identical in every context. — Right: Graznar means to caw, to croak, while cantar means to sing, for songbirds. — They overlap, but each has uses the other does not: graznar fits sentences such as Grazno en el árbol del jardín, while cantar belongs in a different sentence. Check the meaning you want before choosing.
- Wrong: Yo soy graznado al amanecer sobre el tejado. — Right: Yo he graznado al amanecer sobre el tejado. — Spanish perfect tenses use haber, not ser: he graznado, has graznado, ha graznado. Ser plus the participle makes a passive, not a perfect tense.
- Wrong: De niño, yo grazné cuando pasa alguien todos los días. — Right: De niño, yo graznaba cuando pasa alguien todos los días. — For a repeated habit in the past, use the imperfect (graznaba), not the preterite. The preterite (grazné) is for one finished action.
Quiz: test yourself
Ten questions on graznar. Choose the right form, then check the answer key below.
Complete the sentence: Yo ___ en el árbol del jardín. (present tense) A. grazno B. graznas C. grazna D. graznamos
Complete the sentence: Ayer, él ___ al amanecer sobre el tejado. (preterite) A. grazné B. graznaste C. graznaron D. graznó
Complete the sentence: Antes, nosotros ___ cuando pasa alguien. (imperfect) A. graznabas B. graznaban C. graznábamos D. graznaba
Complete the sentence: Mañana, tú ___ toda la mañana en el campo. (future) A. graznaremos B. graznarás C. graznaré D. graznará
Complete the sentence: Yo ___ en el árbol del jardín si pudiera. (conditional) A. graznaría B. graznarías C. graznarían D. grazno
Complete the sentence: Espero que él ___ al amanecer sobre el tejado. (present subjunctive) A. graznes B. graznemos C. grazno D. grazne
Complete the sentence: Si yo ___ cuando pasa alguien, todo cambiaría. (imperfect subjunctive, -ra form) A. graznáramos B. grazno C. graznara D. graznaras
Complete the sentence: Nosotros ___ toda la mañana en el campo. (present perfect) A. han graznado B. hemos graznado C. he graznado D. has graznado
Complete the command: ¡___ en el árbol del jardín! (affirmative imperative, tú) A. grazna B. grazne C. graznemos D. graznad
Which is the gerund of graznar, used with estar for the progressive? A. graznado B. grazno C. grazné D. graznando
Answer key
- grazno — The first-person present of graznar is grazno. The other options are the tú, él/ella and nosotros forms.
- graznó — The third-person preterite of graznar is graznó, the form for a single finished action in the past.
- graznábamos — The nosotros imperfect of graznar is graznábamos, used here for a repeated past habit.
- graznarás — The second-person future of graznar is graznarás.
- graznaría — The first-person conditional of graznar is graznaría, the form for what would happen.
- grazne — After espero que, the subjunctive is required: the third-person present subjunctive of graznar is grazne.
- graznara — The first-person imperfect subjunctive (-ra) of graznar is graznara.
- hemos graznado — The nosotros present perfect of graznar is hemos graznado: hemos + graznado.
- grazna — The affirmative tú imperative of graznar is grazna.
- graznando — The gerund of graznar is graznando: estoy graznando. The participle graznado is used with haber instead.
Frequently asked questions
What does graznar mean in English?
Graznar means to caw, to croak. It is used in everyday situations such as Grazno en el árbol del jardín. The exact English wording depends on the context, but the core meaning stays the same across the tenses.
Is graznar regular or irregular?
Graznar is a fully regular -ar verb, so every tense follows the standard endings for its class. Once you know the regular pattern, you can produce every form on this page, including grazno in the present and grazné in the preterite.
What is the difference between graznar and cantar?
Graznar means to caw, to croak, while cantar means to sing, for songbirds. They are easy to confuse because they appear in similar situations, but they are not interchangeable: use graznar when you mean to caw, to croak, as in Grazno en el árbol del jardín, and use cantar for to sing, for songbirds. When in doubt, check the object of the sentence — it usually shows which verb fits.
How do I say “I caw” in the past?
It depends on the kind of past. For one finished action, use the preterite: yo grazné al amanecer sobre el tejado. For a repeated habit or background in the past, use the imperfect: yo graznaba cuando pasa alguien. For something that has just happened, use the present perfect: yo he graznado al amanecer sobre el tejado.
How do I practise graznar?
Start with the present tense table, then drill the preterite and the imperfect, since those two past tenses cause the most mistakes. Try the graznar examples and quiz page for more sentences, and use the Spanish Verb Quiz to test the forms under pressure.
Related links
- Graznar in the present tense — the full present-tense table for graznar.
- Graznar examples and quiz — more example sentences and practice for graznar.
- Spanish verbs — the Spanish hub, with every verb and tense guide.
- Aullar conjugation — another -ar verb to compare with graznar.
- Piar conjugation — another -ar verb to compare with graznar.
- Relinchar conjugation — another -ar verb to compare with graznar.
- Spanish Verb Conjugator — conjugate any Spanish verb in every tense.
- Spanish Verb Quiz — test yourself on real conjugated forms.