Extraer Conjugation in Spanish

The Spanish verb extraer means to extract, and it is a verb you will use again and again once you know it. Extraer means to extract, and it is used for extracting a tooth, extracting oil from the ground and extracting information from a document. It follows the pattern of traer, with the present extraigo, the preterite extraje, the gerund extrayendo and the participle extraído. Like every Spanish verb, extraer changes its ending for each person and tense, and this page gives you the complete picture: every tense, every person, the gerund and the past participle, all from the verified conjugation tables. For example, in the present tense you say extraigo una muela en el dentista, and in the preterite you say extraje datos del informe. Work through the tables below, read the notes for each tense, and then test yourself with the examples, the common mistakes and the quiz at the end of the page.

Quick facts

  • Infinitive: extraer
  • English: to extract
  • Verb type: irregular verb
  • Ending: -er
  • Gerund: extrayendo
  • Past participle: extraído
  • Auxiliary verb: haber (all perfect tenses are formed with haber + extraído)

Pronunciation is not listed on this page: the verified tables do not include IPA for extraer, so no pronunciation is given rather than an invented one. Extraer follows traer: the present is extraigo, the preterite is extraje, and the participle is extraído.

Full conjugation tables

Every form below comes from the verified conjugation tables for extraer. The imperfect subjunctive is shown in its -ra forms; the -se forms use the same stem. For reflexive verbs, the pronoun column shows the reflexive pronoun that goes before each form.

Present indicative

Person Form
yo extraigo
tú extraes
él/ella/Ud. extrae
nosotros/as extraemos
vosotros/as extraéis
ellos/ellas/Uds. extraen

Preterite

Person Form
yo extraje
tú extrajiste
él/ella/Ud. extrajo
nosotros/as extrajimos
vosotros/as extrajisteis
ellos/ellas/Uds. extrajeron

Imperfect

Person Form
yo extraía
tú extraías
él/ella/Ud. extraía
nosotros/as extraíamos
vosotros/as extraíais
ellos/ellas/Uds. extraían

Future

Person Form
yo extraeré
tú extraerás
él/ella/Ud. extraerá
nosotros/as extraeremos
vosotros/as extraeréis
ellos/ellas/Uds. extraerán

Conditional

Person Form
yo extraería
tú extraerías
él/ella/Ud. extraería
nosotros/as extraeríamos
vosotros/as extraeríais
ellos/ellas/Uds. extraerían

Present perfect

Person Form
yo he extraído
tú has extraído
él/ella/Ud. ha extraído
nosotros/as hemos extraído
vosotros/as habéis extraído
ellos/ellas/Uds. han extraído

Pluperfect

Person Form
yo había extraído
tú habías extraído
él/ella/Ud. había extraído
nosotros/as habíamos extraído
vosotros/as habíais extraído
ellos/ellas/Uds. habían extraído

Future perfect

Person Form
yo habré extraído
tú habrás extraído
él/ella/Ud. habrá extraído
nosotros/as habremos extraído
vosotros/as habréis extraído
ellos/ellas/Uds. habrán extraído

Conditional perfect

Person Form
yo habría extraído
tú habrías extraído
él/ella/Ud. habría extraído
nosotros/as habríamos extraído
vosotros/as habríais extraído
ellos/ellas/Uds. habrían extraído

Present subjunctive

Person Form
yo extraiga
tú extraigas
él/ella/Ud. extraiga
nosotros/as extraigamos
vosotros/as extraigáis
ellos/ellas/Uds. extraigan

Imperfect subjunctive (-ra)

Person Form
yo extrajera
tú extrajeras
él/ella/Ud. extrajera
nosotros/as extrajéramos
vosotros/as extrajerais
ellos/ellas/Uds. extrajeran

Imperative (affirmative)

Person Form
tú extrae
él/ella/Ud. extraiga
nosotros/as extraigamos
vosotros/as extraed
ellos/ellas/Uds. extraigan

Imperative (negative)

Person Form
tú extraigas
él/ella/Ud. extraiga
nosotros/as extraigamos
vosotros/as extraigáis
ellos/ellas/Uds. extraigan

Gerund and past participle

Form Spanish Use
Gerund extrayendo with estar for the progressive: estoy extrayendo
Past participle extraído with haber for the perfect tenses: he extraído

How to use each tense

Present indicative

Use the present for routines, general facts and what is happening right now. This tense is irregular for this verb: it follows the pattern of traer, with a -g- in the present (as in atraigo), a -j- stem in the preterite (as in atraje), the gerund in -yendo (as in atrayendo), and the participle in -ído (as in atraído). Learn the forms in the table rather than guessing them from the infinitive. For extraer, the present looks like this in a real sentence: Extraigo una muela en el dentista. Learn the present forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.

Preterite

Use the preterite for finished actions with a clear end, often with ayer, el año pasado or anoche. This tense is irregular for this verb: it follows the pattern of traer, with a -g- in the present (as in atraigo), a -j- stem in the preterite (as in atraje), the gerund in -yendo (as in atrayendo), and the participle in -ído (as in atraído). Learn the forms in the table rather than guessing them from the infinitive. For extraer, the preterite looks like this in a real sentence: Ayer, extraje petróleo del fondo del mar. Learn the preterite forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.

Imperfect

Use the imperfect for background, habits and actions in progress in the past, often with de niño, antes or mientras. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For extraer, the imperfect looks like this in a real sentence: De niño, extraía datos del informe. Learn the imperfect forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.

Future

Use the future for plans, predictions and promises, often with mañana, el año que viene or pronto. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For extraer, the future looks like this in a real sentence: Mañana, extraeré el jugo de la naranja. Learn the future forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.

Conditional

Use the conditional for polite requests, hypotheticals and what would happen, often with si clauses. For this verb the tense is regular, so the forms follow the standard endings for its verb class. For extraer, the conditional looks like this in a real sentence: Extraería una muela en el dentista si pudiera. Learn the conditional forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.

Present perfect

Use the present perfect for recent actions and experiences, often with hoy, esta semana or ya. This tense is irregular for this verb only because the past participle is extraído, not the regular form — the auxiliary haber is completely regular. For extraer, the present perfect looks like this in a real sentence: Hoy, he extraído petróleo del fondo del mar. Learn the present perfect forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.

Pluperfect

Use the pluperfect when one past action happened before another past action. This tense is irregular for this verb only because the past participle is extraído, not the regular form — the auxiliary haber is completely regular. For extraer, the pluperfect looks like this in a real sentence: Había extraído datos del informe antes de salir. Learn the pluperfect forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.

Future perfect

Use the future perfect for something that will already be finished by a future time. This tense is irregular for this verb only because the past participle is extraído, not the regular form — the auxiliary haber is completely regular. For extraer, the future perfect looks like this in a real sentence: Para mañana, habré extraído el jugo de la naranja. Learn the future perfect forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.

Conditional perfect

Use the conditional perfect for what would have happened under different conditions. This tense is irregular for this verb only because the past participle is extraído, not the regular form — the auxiliary haber is completely regular. For extraer, the conditional perfect looks like this in a real sentence: Habría extraído una muela en el dentista con más tiempo. Learn the conditional perfect forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.

Present subjunctive

Use the present subjunctive after expressions of wish, doubt, emotion and hope, such as espero que or quiero que. This tense is irregular for this verb: it follows the pattern of traer, with a -g- in the present (as in atraigo), a -j- stem in the preterite (as in atraje), the gerund in -yendo (as in atrayendo), and the participle in -ído (as in atraído). Learn the forms in the table rather than guessing them from the infinitive. For extraer, the present subjunctive looks like this in a real sentence: Espero que él extraiga petróleo del fondo del mar. Learn the present subjunctive forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.

Imperfect subjunctive (-ra)

Use the imperfect subjunctive after past wishes and in si clauses about the past, and note the -ra forms shown here; the -se forms use the same stem. This tense is irregular for this verb: it follows the pattern of traer, with a -g- in the present (as in atraigo), a -j- stem in the preterite (as in atraje), the gerund in -yendo (as in atrayendo), and the participle in -ído (as in atraído). Learn the forms in the table rather than guessing them from the infinitive. For extraer, the imperfect subjunctive looks like this in a real sentence: Si él extrajera datos del informe, todo cambiaría. Learn the imperfect subjunctive forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.

Imperative (affirmative)

Use the affirmative imperative for direct commands, instructions and invitations. This tense is irregular for this verb: it follows the pattern of traer, with a -g- in the present (as in atraigo), a -j- stem in the preterite (as in atraje), the gerund in -yendo (as in atrayendo), and the participle in -ído (as in atraído). Learn the forms in the table rather than guessing them from the infinitive. For extraer, the affirmative imperative looks like this in a real sentence: ¡Extrae el jugo de la naranja! Learn the affirmative imperative forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.

Imperative (negative)

Use the negative imperative, always with no, to tell someone not to do something. This tense is irregular for this verb: it follows the pattern of traer, with a -g- in the present (as in atraigo), a -j- stem in the preterite (as in atraje), the gerund in -yendo (as in atrayendo), and the participle in -ído (as in atraído). Learn the forms in the table rather than guessing them from the infinitive. For extraer, the negative imperative looks like this in a real sentence: No extraigas una muela en el dentista. Learn the negative imperative forms in the table above alongside this example, and notice how the ending, not the stem, usually carries the meaning of the tense.

Example sentences

Ten natural sentences with extraer, covering different tenses and persons. Each one uses a form from the tables above.

  1. Extraigo una muela en el dentista. — I extract a tooth at the dentist's.
  2. Extrae petróleo del fondo del mar. — He/she extracts oil from the bottom of the sea.
  3. Ayer, extraje datos del informe. — Yesterday, I extracted data from the report.
  4. Antes, nosotros extraíamos el jugo de la naranja. — Before, we used to extract the juice from the orange.
  5. Mañana, tú extraerás una muela en el dentista. — Tomorrow, you will extract a tooth at the dentist's.
  6. Yo extraería petróleo del fondo del mar si tuviera más tiempo. — I would extract oil from the bottom of the sea if I had more time.
  7. Él ha extraído datos del informe. — He has extracted data from the report.
  8. Espero que él extraiga el jugo de la naranja. — I hope he extracts the juice from the orange.
  9. Yo ya había extraído una muela en el dentista antes de salir. — I had already extracted a tooth at the dentist's before leaving.
  10. Ellos extraían petróleo del fondo del mar cuando eran jóvenes. — They used to extract oil from the bottom of the sea when they were young.

Common mistakes

  1. Wrong: Yo extrae una muela en el dentista. — Right: Yo extraigo una muela en el dentista. — The person matters: extrae is the él/ella/Ud. form, while the yo form is extraigo. Using the third-person form with yo is one of the most common beginner errors.
  2. Wrong: Ayer yo extraí petróleo del fondo del mar. — Right: Ayer yo extraje petróleo del fondo del mar. — Extraer has an irregular preterite: the correct first-person form is extraje, not the regular extraí. Learn the preterite forms in the table as a set.
  3. Wrong: Treating extraer and sacar as identical in every context. — Right: Extraer means to extract, while sacar means to take out. — They overlap, but each has uses the other does not: extraer fits sentences such as Extraigo una muela en el dentista, while sacar belongs in a different sentence. Check the meaning you want before choosing.
  4. Wrong: Yo soy extraído petróleo del fondo del mar. — Right: Yo he extraído petróleo del fondo del mar. — Spanish perfect tenses use haber, not ser: he extraído, has extraído, ha extraído. Ser plus the participle makes a passive, not a perfect tense.
  5. Wrong: De niño, yo extraje datos del informe todos los días. — Right: De niño, yo extraía datos del informe todos los días. — For a repeated habit in the past, use the imperfect (extraía), not the preterite. The preterite (extraje) is for one finished action.

Quiz: test yourself

Ten questions on extraer. Choose the right form, then check the answer key below.

  1. Complete the sentence: Yo ___ una muela en el dentista. (present tense) A. extraigo B. extraes C. extrae D. extraemos

  2. Complete the sentence: Ayer, él ___ petróleo del fondo del mar. (preterite) A. extraje B. extrajiste C. extrajeron D. extrajo

  3. Complete the sentence: Antes, nosotros ___ datos del informe. (imperfect) A. extraías B. extraían C. extraíamos D. extraía

  4. Complete the sentence: Mañana, tú ___ el jugo de la naranja. (future) A. extraeremos B. extraerás C. extraeré D. extraerá

  5. Complete the sentence: Yo ___ una muela en el dentista si pudiera. (conditional) A. extraería B. extraerías C. extraerían D. extraigo

  6. Complete the sentence: Espero que él ___ petróleo del fondo del mar. (present subjunctive) A. extraigas B. extraigamos C. extraigo D. extraiga

  7. Complete the sentence: Si yo ___ datos del informe, todo cambiaría. (imperfect subjunctive, -ra form) A. extrajéramos B. extraigo C. extrajera D. extrajeras

  8. Complete the sentence: Nosotros ___ el jugo de la naranja. (present perfect) A. han extraído B. hemos extraído C. he extraído D. has extraído

  9. Complete the command: ¡___ una muela en el dentista! (affirmative imperative, tú) A. extrae B. extraiga C. extraigamos D. extraed

  10. Which is the gerund of extraer, used with estar for the progressive? A. extraído B. extraigo C. extraje D. extrayendo

Answer key

  1. extraigo — The first-person present of extraer is extraigo. The other options are the tú, él/ella and nosotros forms.
  2. extrajo — The third-person preterite of extraer is extrajo, the form for a single finished action in the past.
  3. extraíamos — The nosotros imperfect of extraer is extraíamos, used here for a repeated past habit.
  4. extraerás — The second-person future of extraer is extraerás.
  5. extraería — The first-person conditional of extraer is extraería, the form for what would happen.
  6. extraiga — After espero que, the subjunctive is required: the third-person present subjunctive of extraer is extraiga.
  7. extrajera — The first-person imperfect subjunctive (-ra) of extraer is extrajera.
  8. hemos extraído — The nosotros present perfect of extraer is hemos extraído: hemos + extraído.
  9. extrae — The affirmative tú imperative of extraer is extrae.
  10. extrayendo — The gerund of extraer is extrayendo: estoy extrayendo. The participle extraído is used with haber instead.

Frequently asked questions

What does extraer mean in English?

Extraer means to extract. It is used in everyday situations such as Extraigo una muela en el dentista. The exact English wording depends on the context, but the core meaning stays the same across the tenses.

Is extraer regular or irregular?

Extraer is irregular in present, preterite, present-subjunctive, imperfect-subjunctive, gerund, past-participle, present-perfect, pluperfect, future-perfect, conditional-perfect, imperative-affirmative, imperative-negative. The other tenses follow the regular pattern. Learn the irregular forms from the tables above rather than guessing them from the infinitive.

What is the difference between extraer and sacar?

Extraer means to extract, while sacar means to take out. They are easy to confuse because they appear in similar situations, but they are not interchangeable: use extraer when you mean to extract, as in Extraigo una muela en el dentista, and use sacar for to take out. When in doubt, check the object of the sentence — it usually shows which verb fits.

How do I say “I extract” in the past?

It depends on the kind of past. For one finished action, use the preterite: yo extraje petróleo del fondo del mar. For a repeated habit or background in the past, use the imperfect: yo extraía datos del informe. For something that has just happened, use the present perfect: yo he extraído petróleo del fondo del mar.

How do I practise extraer?

Start with the present tense table, then drill the preterite and the imperfect, since those two past tenses cause the most mistakes. Try the extraer examples and quiz page for more sentences, and use the Spanish Verb Quiz to test the forms under pressure.

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