Aducir Present Tense Conjugation in Spanish
The present tense of aducir — “to adduce, to cite” in English — is the form you need for what happens now, for habits and for general truths. This page gives you the full present conjugation table for aducir with all six persons, explains exactly how the tense is formed for this verb, shows when to use it with real examples, and finishes with a quiz so you can test yourself. Aducir means to adduce or to cite, to put forward a reason, an argument or evidence in a discussion or a trial. It is a formal verb, and it belongs to the -ducir family: the present is aduzco and the preterite uses the stem aduj-. It is a spelling-change verb (c becomes zc before e), but the present tense itself is regular — the spelling change shows up in the subjunctive and the preterite. To see it in a real sentence: Aduzco razones en su defensa. — “I cite reasons in his defence.” Learn the six forms in the table below, and the present tense of aducir will be ready for everyday conversation.
Present tense conjugation table: aducir
Every person of aducir in the present tense. The gerund is aduciendo and the past participle is aducido.
Present indicative
| Person | Form |
|---|---|
| yo | aduzco |
| tú | aduces |
| él/ella/Ud. | aduce |
| nosotros/as | aducimos |
| vosotros/as | aducís |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | aducen |
How the present indicative of aducir is formed
The present indicative of aducir is built from the stem plus the present indicative endings for -ir verbs. Take the infinitive, drop the -ir ending, and add the ending that matches the person. The stem in the present is aduzc-, not aduc-, so the first-person form is aduzco. The table below shows the endings, and the full table above shows them attached to the stem.
| Person | Ending | Form |
|---|---|---|
| yo | -o | aduzco |
| tú | -es | aduces |
| él/ella/Ud. | -e | aduce |
| nosotros/as | -imos | aducimos |
| vosotros/as | -ís | aducís |
| ellos/ellas/Uds. | -en | aducen |
Aducir is a spelling-change verb. In the present tense the forms are regular, so the table above follows the normal -ir endings. The spelling change appears when the ending starts with e: the present subjunctive is aduzca and the preterite first person is aduje. The sound stays the same; only the spelling changes to keep it.
The gerund of aducir is aduciendo and the past participle is aducido. Both are regular for this verb, and the participle is the form you need for all the perfect tenses with haber.
When to use the present tense of aducir
The present tense is not one single use — it covers several situations, and aducir appears in all of them. The five uses below are the ones you will meet most often, each with an example that shows the verb in a natural sentence.
Routines and habits
Use the present for things you do regularly, every day or every week. The present is the tense of routine, and aducir fits naturally into daily life.
“Yo aduzco razones en su defensa todos los días.” — “I cite reasons in his defence every day.”
General facts
Use the present for facts that are true in general, not just today. When you state how something is, the present is the tense to use.
“Él aduce pruebas ante el juez.” — “He/she cites evidence before the judge.”
What is happening right now
Use the present for what is happening at this moment. Spanish often uses the simple present where English uses the progressive, so aduzco can mean both “I cite” and “I am citeing”.
“Ahora mismo, yo aduzco argumentos en el debate.” — “Right now, I cite arguments in the debate.”
Fixed plans in the near future
Use the present for a plan that is already fixed, such as something arranged for tomorrow. Spanish uses the present for near-future plans much more freely than English does.
“Mañana, yo aduzco ejemplos para apoyar su idea.” — “Tomorrow, I will cite examples to support his idea.”
Questions and negatives
Use the present to ask about habits and to say what does not happen. The question and the negative use exactly the same forms as the statement.
“¿Tú aduces razones en su defensa?” — “Do you cite reasons in his defence?”
The present tense vs the closest tenses
Present — habit or general fact vs Preterite — one finished occasion
The present describes a habit, a routine or a general fact — something that happens again and again or that is true in general. The preterite reports one finished occasion in the past. Use the present when the action repeats or is still true, and the preterite when you are telling what happened once, on a specific day.
- Present — habit or general fact: Aduce pruebas ante el juez. — “He/she cites evidence before the judge.”
- Preterite — one finished occasion: Adujo pruebas ante el juez. — the same idea, placed in the preterite.
Present — now vs Imperfect — a past habit or background
The present talks about now. The imperfect talks about the past as a background — a repeated habit, an ongoing situation, something that used to happen. If you can add “used to” in English, the imperfect is usually the right choice; if it is happening now or always, use the present.
- Present — now: Aducen argumentos en el debate. — “They cite arguments in the debate.”
- Imperfect — a past habit or background: Aducían argumentos en el debate. — the same idea, placed in the imperfect.
Present — now or a fixed plan vs Future — what will happen
The present describes what happens now, what you do regularly, or a plan that is already fixed. The future describes what will happen later — a promise, a prediction, a plan that is not yet under way. Spanish often uses the present for near-future plans, but the future is the form for a clear statement about tomorrow.
- Present — now or a fixed plan: Aduces ejemplos para apoyar su idea. — “You cite examples to support his idea.”
- Future — what will happen: Aducirás ejemplos para apoyar su idea. — the same idea, placed in the future.
Examples: aducir in the present tense
Seven sentences that show aducir in the present tense only, across all six persons. Read each one aloud, notice the ending, and check the translation.
- Yo aduzco razones en su defensa. — “I cite reasons in his defence.”
- Tú aduces pruebas ante el juez. — “You cite evidence before the judge.”
- Él aduce argumentos en el debate. — “He cites arguments in the debate.”
- Nosotros aducimos ejemplos para apoyar su idea. — “We cite examples to support his idea.”
- Vosotros aducís razones en su defensa. — “You (plural) cite reasons in his defence.”
- Ellos aducen pruebas ante el juez. — “They cite evidence before the judge.”
- ¿Tú aduces argumentos en el debate? — “Do you cite arguments in the debate?”
Common mistakes with aducir in the present tense
These are the errors learners actually make with aducir in the present tense. Each one shows the wrong form, the right form, and why the right form is right.
✗ Yo aducir razones en su defensa. (using the infinitive instead of a conjugated form).
✓ Correct: Yo aduzco razones en su defensa.
The infinitive is not a conjugated form. With yo, the present tense of aducir is aduzco, not the infinitive aducir.
✗ Vosotros aducis razones en su defensa. (forgetting the accent on the vosotros form).
✓ Correct: Vosotros aducís razones en su defensa.
The vosotros present form carries a written accent: aducís, not aducis. The accent marks the stressed vowel, and leaving it out is a spelling mistake.
✗ Ayer, yo aduzco pruebas ante el juez. (using the present for a finished past action).
✓ Correct: Ayer, yo aduje pruebas ante el juez.
The present and the preterite are different tenses: aduzco is happening now, while aduje is a finished action in the past. Use the preterite with ayer.
✗ Treating aducir and citar as identical in every context. (confusing aducir with citar).
✓ Correct: Aducir means to adduce, to cite, while citar means to quote or cite.
They overlap, but each has uses the other does not: aducir fits sentences such as Aduzco razones en su defensa, while citar belongs in a different sentence. Check the meaning you want before choosing.
Quiz: aducir in the present tense
Eight questions on the present tense of aducir. Choose the best answer for each one, then check the answer key below — every answer is explained.
1. Which is the correct present tense form of aducir for tú?
- a) aduces
- b) aduzco
- c) aduce
- d) aducen
2. Complete the sentence: Yo ______ razones en su defensa. — “I cite reasons in his defence.”
- a) aduce
- b) aducimos
- c) aduces
- d) aduzco
3. Complete the sentence: Él ______ pruebas ante el juez. — “He/she cites evidence before the judge.” (present tense)
- a) aducía
- b) aducirá
- c) aduce
- d) adujo
4. Which is the correct present tense form of aducir for nosotros?
- a) aducen
- b) aducimos
- c) aduzco
- d) aduce
5. Which sentence uses aducir correctly in the present tense?
- a) Él adujo pruebas ante el juez.
- b) Él aduce pruebas ante el juez.
- c) Él aducirá pruebas ante el juez.
- d) Ellos aduce pruebas ante el juez.
6. Complete the sentence: Ellos ______ argumentos en el debate. — “They cite arguments in the debate.”
- a) aduzco
- b) aduce
- c) aducimos
- d) aducen
7. Complete the question: ¿Tú ______ ejemplos para apoyar su idea? — “Do you cite examples to support his idea?”
- a) aduce
- b) aducirás
- c) aduces
- d) aduzco
8. What is the gerund of aducir?
- a) aduje
- b) aduciendo
- c) aducido
- d) aduzco
Answer key
a) aduces — The tú form is aduces. The -s ending belongs to tú in the present; aduzco is yo, aduce is él/ella and aducen is ellos/ellas.
d) aduzco — The sentence needs the yo form in the present: aduzco. The other options are the wrong person.
c) aduce — The sentence needs the él/ella/Ud. form in the present: aduce. The other options are the preterite, the imperfect and the future.
b) aducimos — Nosotros takes aducimos. In the present the nosotros ending for -ir verbs is -imos, attached to the stem.
b) Él aduce pruebas ante el juez. — Él aduce pruebas ante el juez. is correct: the verb agrees with its subject. The other sentences use the wrong person or the wrong tense.
d) aducen — The subject is ellos/ellas/Uds., so the present form is aducen.
c) aduces — The question needs the tú form in the present: aduces.
b) aduciendo — The gerund is aduciendo. It is the form you use with estar for the progressive (estar + gerund), and it is not the past participle aducido.
Frequently asked questions
Is aducir regular in the present tense?
Yes. Aducir is a regular -ir verb in the present tense, so the forms follow the standard endings: aduzco, aduces, aduce, aducimos, aducís and aducen.
What is the gerund and the past participle of aducir?
The gerund is aduciendo and the past participle is aducido. Use the gerund with estar for the progressive, and the participle with haber for the perfect tenses.
How do you say “I cite” in Spanish?
Say aduzco. For example: Aduzco razones en su defensa. — “I cite reasons in his defence.”
What is the difference between aducir and citar?
Aducir means “to adduce, to cite”, while citar means “to quote or cite”. They are related words that learners often meet together, but they are not interchangeable — use aducir when you mean “to adduce, to cite” and citar when you mean “to quote or cite”. The full conjugation of aducir is on its own page.
Related links
- Full conjugation of aducir — every tense and mood, with the complete tables.
- aducir examples and quiz — more sentences, dialogues and a longer quiz.
- Spanish Present tense guide — how the present tense works for all Spanish verbs.
- Spanish verbs — the full list of Spanish verbs on VerbFlow.
- Complete list of Spanish irregular verbs — where this verb's pattern is listed.
- Aludir conjugation — another -ir verb to compare with aducir.
- Gruñir conjugation — another -ir verb to compare with aducir.
- Mugir conjugation — another -ir verb to compare with aducir.
- Present Tense Conjugator — practise this verb in the interactive tool.
- Spanish Verb Quiz — test yourself on Spanish verbs.